Study of the effect of different hole sizes on mechanical strength of wafers for back contact solar cells

Drilling process on wafers to produce EWT or MWT solar cells is a critical fabrication step, which affects on their mechanical stability. The amount of damage introduced during drilling process depends on the density of holes, their size and the chemical process applied afterwards. To quantify the relation between size of the holes and reduction of mechanical strength, several sets of wafers have been prepared, with different hole diameter. The mechanical strength of these sets has been measured by the ring on ring bending test, and the stress state in the moment of failure has been deduced by FE simulation.

Diseño y test VHDL de un cambiador de formato para ver TV3D en un televisor convencional

La difusión de TV3D actual utiliza formatos como el Side-by-Side o Top-and-Bottom, en los que cada par de imágenes, correspondiente a las vistas de los ojos derecho e izquierdo, se encapsula con la mitad de la resolución espacial en una sola imagen. Estas imágenes se muestran de manera casi simultánea de forma que el ojo humano compone una imagen con profundidad que se asemeja a la visión binocular natural. Desde hace un par de años las principales plataformas de televisión han empezado a crear canales con contenido 3D. La televisión 3D (TV3D) se ha introducido en los hogares gracias a los televisores estereoscópicos. Estos televisores, que son compatibles con los formatos antes mencionados, extraen de cada imagen sus dos vistas, recuperan la resolución original y presentan cada vista alternativamente en la pantalla, generando al mismo tiempo una señal de sincronismo para las gafas activas, creando de esta forma la sensación tridimensional de las imágenes. En este PFC se pretende realizar el diseño VHDL de un cambiador de formato que genere en tiempo real la secuencia de imágenes correspondiente a los ojos derecho e izquierdo, con resolución completa, a partir de una secuencia codificada en formato tipo Top-and-Bottom y el banco de test para su prueba. Este circuito se implementará como un periférico del procesador NIOS II de Altera. El diseño podría utilizarse como parte de un sistema que permita la visualización de las actuales emisiones de televisión 3D en un televisor convencional. La tecnología de referencia que se utilizará serán las FPGAs, más concretamente la tarjeta Cyclone III FPGA Starter Kit (EP3C25 FPGA) de Altera, junto a una tarjeta de ampliación de Microtronix con entrada y salida HDMI para video y audio. Además se pretende crear la documentación necesaria para el desarrollo de futuros trabajos relacionados con la televisión 3D. ABSTRACT Current TV3D broadcasting uses formats as Side-by-Side or Top-and-Bottom, where every single pair of images, corresponding to left and right eyes views, are encapsulated with half spatial resolution in one single image. These images are almost simultaneously displayed so that the human eye forms an image with depth resembling naturally binocular vision. From a couple of years the major TV platforms have begun to create 3D content channels. 3D Television (3DTV) has been introduced in homes through stereoscopic televisions. These televisions, which are compatible with the above formats, each image is extracted from the two views, and recover the original resolution and displays alternately each view in screen, while generating a synchronization signal for active glasses, thereby creating the three-dimensional sensation of the images. The main objective in this PFC is to make the design of an exchanger VHDL format in real time to generate the image sequence corresponding to the right and left eyes, with full resolution from an encoded sequence type format Top-and-Bottom and test bench for testing. This circuit is implemented as a Altera NIOS II processor peripheral.The design could be used as part of a system enabling the display of current television broadcasts 3D on a conventional television. The reference technology that will be use are FPGAs, more specifically Cyclone III FPGA Starter Card Kit (EP3C25 FPGA) Altera, along with an expansion card Microtronix with HDMI input and output video and audio. It also aims to create documentation for the development of future works related to 3D TV.

Determination of the JWL constants for ANFO and emulsion explosives from cylinder test data

The Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state parameters for ANFO and emulsion-type explosives have been obtained from cylinder test expansion measurements. The calculation method comprises a new radial expansion function, with a non-zero initial velocity at the onset of the expansion in order to comply with a positive Gurney energy at unit relative volume, as the isentropic expansion from the CJ state predicts. The equations reflecting the CJ state conditions and the measured expansion energy were solved for the JWL parameters by a non-linear least squares scheme. The JWL parameters of thirteen ANFO and emulsion type explosives have been determined in this way from their cylinder test expansion data. The results were evaluated through numerical modelling of the tests with the LS-DYNA hydrocode; the expansion histories from the modelling were compared with the measured ones, and excellent agreement was found.