3 resultados para ecotourism
em Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Resumo:
La siguiente tesis nace a partir de la implementación de la actividad de buceo deportivo en el año 2002 en la Caleta de pescadores artesanales de Maitencillo, quinta región, Chile. Los pescadores administran, para su explotación, un tipo de área marina protegida llamada área de manejo y explotación de recursos bentónicos (AMERB), por lo que se hizo indispensable implementar un Plan de Gestión para el buceo deportivo con la finalidad de regular y controlar la actividad para proteger los recursos existentes en el área, sus ecosistemas y su biodiversidad. Para ello, se construyó un Sendero Submarino con 3 circuitos para el buceo. La tesis contextualiza el desarrollo y ejecución del proyecto y evalúa el Plan de Gestión y la utilización del Sendero Submarino y, para ello, se desarrolla una metodología para el cálculo de la capacidad de carga del Sendero y para la evaluación del Plan de Gestión, a través de indicadores biofísicos, socioeconómicos y de gobernabilidad. Esta tesis plantea un modelo de desarrollo a partir del principio del Ecodesarrollo, destacando, principalmente, que es la comunidad local de pescadores artesanales quien ejecuta y administra el proyecto, sin necesidad de recurrir a operadores privados de buceo y, por tanto, logrando para si los beneficios y el control de la actividad; por otro lado, destaca también que es una actividad a baja escala, con bajos impactos ambientales y por tanto sustentable y replicable para otras organizaciones de pescadores. Los resultados indican que con la información biofísica obtenida se pueden tomar medidas de gestión para la actividad de buceo de acuerdo al estado de los recursos bentónicos principales explotados por los pescadores, ya sea restringiendo la actividad, o suspendiéndola por algún período. Los resultados muestran que la cantidad de buceadores que utilizan el Sendero Submarino está muy por debajo de la capacidad de carga calculada, lo que hace que la presión de esta actividad sobre los recursos y el ecosistema marino sea muy baja. Los resultados socioeconómicos y de gobernabilidad indican que esta actividad ha generado ingresos adicionales para los pescadores que trabajan en esta actividad y también ha generado nuevos puestos de trabajo; además, la organización sindical se ha ido fortaleciendo al crear la comisión de ecoturismo y dar responsabilidades a otros pescadores en la gestión de la actividad. La tesis confirma la hipótesis de que “Los Senderos Submarinos pueden ser una forma de turismo sostenible en áreas marinas protegidas”. The present thesis is based on the implementation of scuba diving activities in the year 2002, in the local fishing cove of Maitencillo, Fifth region, Chile. The local fishermen manage the exploitation process of a type of protected marine area called benthic resource management and exploitation area (BRMEA); for this reason, the implementation of a Management programme for scuba diving to regulate and control this activity to protect the resources in the area, their ecosystems and biodiversity, became a priority. In 2002, an Underwater Path was built, with three tracks for scuba diving practice. This thesis contextualises the development and implementation of the Management programme and the use of the Underwater Path. It also develops a methodology to calculate the payload for the Underwater Path, and to assess the Management project through biophysical, economic and governance indicators. This thesis also proposes a development model by the principle of Sustainable development, with the local community of fishermen implementing and handling the project, without the intervention of private diving agencies, generating economic and social benefits, keeping environmental impact to a minimum level, and making it sustainable and worth emulating for other fishermen organisations. The results indicate, through the biophysical data obtained, that it is possible to take managerial measures regarding the scuba diving activity, according to the state of the most exploited benthic resources, by either restricting the activity or plainly suspending it for some time. The results show that the amount of divers using the Underwater path are way below the calculated payload, which keeps the strain that scuba diving causes on these resources and marine ecosystem to the minimum. The results of the socioeconomic and governance issues indicate that this activity has generated additional profits for the fishermen working in this activity, and also new jobs. Furthermore, the syndicate has strengthened thanks to the creation of an ecotourism commission and by assigning other local fishermen with responsibilities in the organisation of the activity. The thesis confirms the hypothesis that states, “Underwater Paths can become a form of sustainable tourism in protected marine areas”
Resumo:
Renewable energy hybrid systems and mini-grids for electrification of rural areas are known to be reliable and more cost efficient than grid extension or only-diesel based systems. However, there is still some uncertainty in some areas, for example, which is the most efficient way of coupling hybrid systems: AC, DC or AC-DC? With the use of Matlab/Simulink a mini-grid that connects a school, a small hospital and an ecotourism hostel has been modelled. This same mini grid has been coupled in the different possible ways and the system’s efficiency has been studied. In addition, while keeping the consumption constant, the generation sources and the consumption profile have been modified and the effect on the efficiency under each configuration has also been analysed. Finally different weather profiles have been introduced and, again, the effect on the efficiency of each system has been observed.
Resumo:
This project, funded by the Programa Iberoaméricano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (CYTED), analyses the energy service requirements in sustainable tourism and will spread knowledge about renewable energies among the ecotourism stakeholders of Latin America. The target groups are local communities in protected areas, because they are the less up to date groups and, frequently, they are living in the most fragile ecosystems, but also the most fertile in biodiversity; their living standard is very low and the ecotourism can be a successful economic resource. The regions considered are ecosystems in Latin America, which have some protection degree, and are managed by local communities. The selected countries to implement renewable energy infrastructures in ecolodges are: Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Also low cost telecommunications infrastructures will be installed to improve the diffusion among potential clients of the ecolodges, in order to permit direct reservation of the services.