Hydrothermal waves and corotating rolls in laterally heated convection in simple liquids.

The stability of a liquid layer with an undeformable interface open to the atmo- sphere, subjected to a horizontal temperature gradient, is theoretically analysed. Buoyancy and surface tension forces give rise to a basic flow for any temperature dif- ference applied on the system. Depending on the liquid depth, this basic flow is desta- bilised either by an oscillatory instability, giving rise to the so-called hydrothermal waves, or by a stationary instability leading to corotating rolls. Oscillatory perturba- tions are driven by the basic flow and therefore one must distinguish between convec- tive and absolute thresholds. The instability mechanisms as well as the di¿erent re- gimes observed in experiments are discussed. The calculations are performed for a fluid used in recent experiments, namely silicone oil of 0.65 cSt ðPr 1?4 10Þ. In partic- ular, it is shown that two branches of absolute instability exist, which may be related to the two types of hydrothermal waves observed experimentally

Sildenafil citrate modifies fetoplacental development in a rabbit model of intrauterine growth restriction

The failure of fetuses to achieve the ir full growth potential is known as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Silde nafil citrate (SC) is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5) inhibitor, which enhances nitric oxide (NO) dependent vasodilatation, adn it may have a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of IUGR.