Diseño del sostenimiento primario y secundario del túnel de aducción de la central hidroeléctrica Renace III

El presente proyecto trata el diseño del sostenimiento y revestimiento del túnel de aducción de la Central hidroeléctrica Renace III. Se ha diseñado un sostenimiento con el fin de cumplir de forma óptima los requisitos funcionales , estructurales y económicos, garantizando de forma primordial la seguridad y durabilidad de la construcción. A partir del conocimiento geológico-geotécnico del macizo encajante se definen mediante clasificaciones geomecánicas divisiones del terreno en función de su calidad. Para cada una de ellas se ha definido una sección tipo de sostenimiento estableciendo sus respectivas especificaciones. A la justificación del cumplimiento de los requisitos se llega mediante distintos métodos empíricos y de cálculo, operando de la misma forma a la hora de decidir el revestimiento. Por último se ha definido la impermeabilización y el plan de auscultación con el fin de garantizar la seguridad y estanqueidad del túnel. ABSTRACT The aim of this project is to design the support and lining of the adduction tunnel in Renace III Hydroelectric Plant. The support has been defined to optimize functional structural and economical demands guaranteeing the tunnel´s safety and durability. Starting with an exhaustive knowledge of the rock mass, divisions of the quality ground by using geomechanical classifications shall be done. Special support for each division has been defined through several empirical and mathematical methods, using the same process to define the lining. Finally, a waterproofing and an auscultation plan has been designed in order to provide sealing and protection

Modeling and Simulation of Upper Brachial Plexus Injury

This article presents the first musculoskeletal model and simulation of upper plexus brachial injury. From this model is possible to analyse forces and movement ranges in order to develop a robotic exoskeleton to improve rehabilitation. The software that currently exists for musculoskeletal modeling is varied and most have advanced features for proper analysis and study of motion simulations. Whilst more powerful computer packages are usually expensive, there are other free and open source packages available which offer different tools to perform animations and simulations and which obtain forces and moments of inertia. Among them, Musculoskeletal Modeling Software was selected to construct a model of the upper limb, which has 7 degrees of freedom and 10 muscles. These muscles are important for two of the movements simulated in this article that are part of the post-surgery rehabilitation protocol. We performed different movement animations which are made using the inertial measurement unit to capture real data from movements made by a human being. We also performed the simulation of forces produced in elbow flexion-extension and arm abduction-adduction of a healthy subject and one with upper brachial plexus injury in a postoperative state to compare the force that is capable of being produced in both cases.