Spaces of the Past, Histories of the Present: An Interview with Stuart Elden and Derek Gregory

The ontologies of space and territory, our experience of them and the techniques we use to govern them, the very conception of the socio-spatial formations that we inhabit, are all historically specific: they depend on a genealogy of practices, knowledges, discourses, regulations, performances and representations articulated in a way that is extremely complex yet nevertheless legible over time. In this interview we look at the logic and the patterns that intertwine space and time — both as objects and tools of inquiry — though a cross-disciplinary dialogue. The discussion with Stuart Elden and Derek Gregory covers the place of history in socio-spatial theory and in their own work, old and new ways of thinking about the intersection between history and territory, space and time, the implications of geography and history for thinking about contemporary politics, and the challenges now faced by critical thought and academic work in the current neo-liberal attack on public universities and the welfare state

Modelos Estadísticos Dinámicos para Análisis de Evolución de Tasas de Accidentes: Metodología y Herramientas Computacionales

Los accidentes del tráfico son un fenómeno social muy relevantes y una de las principales causas de mortalidad en los países desarrollados. Para entender este fenómeno complejo se aplican modelos econométricos sofisticados tanto en la literatura académica como por las administraciones públicas. Esta tesis está dedicada al análisis de modelos macroscópicos para los accidentes del tráfico en España. El objetivo de esta tesis se puede dividir en dos bloques: a. Obtener una mejor comprensión del fenómeno de accidentes de trafico mediante la aplicación y comparación de dos modelos macroscópicos utilizados frecuentemente en este área: DRAG y UCM, con la aplicación a los accidentes con implicación de furgonetas en España durante el período 2000-2009. Los análisis se llevaron a cabo con enfoque frecuencista y mediante los programas TRIO, SAS y TRAMO/SEATS. b. La aplicación de modelos y la selección de las variables más relevantes, son temas actuales de investigación y en esta tesis se ha desarrollado y aplicado una metodología que pretende mejorar, mediante herramientas teóricas y prácticas, el entendimiento de selección y comparación de los modelos macroscópicos. Se han desarrollado metodologías tanto para selección como para comparación de modelos. La metodología de selección de modelos se ha aplicado a los accidentes mortales ocurridos en la red viaria en el período 2000-2011, y la propuesta metodológica de comparación de modelos macroscópicos se ha aplicado a la frecuencia y la severidad de los accidentes con implicación de furgonetas en el período 2000-2009. Como resultado de los desarrollos anteriores se resaltan las siguientes contribuciones: a. Profundización de los modelos a través de interpretación de las variables respuesta y poder de predicción de los modelos. El conocimiento sobre el comportamiento de los accidentes con implicación de furgonetas se ha ampliado en este proceso. bl. Desarrollo de una metodología para selección de variables relevantes para la explicación de la ocurrencia de accidentes de tráfico. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados de a) la propuesta metodológica se basa en los modelos DRAG, cuyos parámetros se han estimado con enfoque bayesiano y se han aplicado a los datos de accidentes mortales entre los años 2000-2011 en España. Esta metodología novedosa y original se ha comparado con modelos de regresión dinámica (DR), que son los modelos más comunes para el trabajo con procesos estocásticos. Los resultados son comparables, y con la nueva propuesta se realiza una aportación metodológica que optimiza el proceso de selección de modelos, con escaso coste computacional. b2. En la tesis se ha diseñado una metodología de comparación teórica entre los modelos competidores mediante la aplicación conjunta de simulación Monte Cario, diseño de experimentos y análisis de la varianza ANOVA. Los modelos competidores tienen diferentes estructuras, que afectan a la estimación de efectos de las variables explicativas. Teniendo en cuenta el estudio desarrollado en bl) este desarrollo tiene el propósito de determinar como interpretar la componente de tendencia estocástica que un modelo UCM modela explícitamente, a través de un modelo DRAG, que no tiene un método específico para modelar este elemento. Los resultados de este estudio son importantes para ver si la serie necesita ser diferenciada antes de modelar. b3. Se han desarrollado nuevos algoritmos para realizar los ejercicios metodológicos, implementados en diferentes programas como R, WinBUGS, y MATLAB. El cumplimiento de los objetivos de la tesis a través de los desarrollos antes enunciados se remarcan en las siguientes conclusiones: 1. El fenómeno de accidentes del tráfico se ha analizado mediante dos modelos macroscópicos. Los efectos de los factores de influencia son diferentes dependiendo de la metodología aplicada. Los resultados de predicción son similares aunque con ligera superioridad de la metodología DRAG. 2. La metodología para selección de variables y modelos proporciona resultados prácticos en cuanto a la explicación de los accidentes de tráfico. La predicción y la interpretación también se han mejorado mediante esta nueva metodología. 3. Se ha implementado una metodología para profundizar en el conocimiento de la relación entre las estimaciones de los efectos de dos modelos competidores como DRAG y UCM. Un aspecto muy importante en este tema es la interpretación de la tendencia mediante dos modelos diferentes de la que se ha obtenido información muy útil para los investigadores en el campo del modelado. Los resultados han proporcionado una ampliación satisfactoria del conocimiento en torno al proceso de modelado y comprensión de los accidentes con implicación de furgonetas y accidentes mortales totales en España. ABSTRACT Road accidents are a very relevant social phenomenon and one of the main causes of death in industrialized countries. Sophisticated econometric models are applied in academic work and by the administrations for a better understanding of this very complex phenomenon. This thesis is thus devoted to the analysis of macro models for road accidents with application to the Spanish case. The objectives of the thesis may be divided in two blocks: a. To achieve a better understanding of the road accident phenomenon by means of the application and comparison of two of the most frequently used macro modelings: DRAG (demand for road use, accidents and their gravity) and UCM (unobserved components model); the application was made to van involved accident data in Spain in the period 2000-2009. The analysis has been carried out within the frequentist framework and using available state of the art software, TRIO, SAS and TRAMO/SEATS. b. Concern on the application of the models and on the relevant input variables to be included in the model has driven the research to try to improve, by theoretical and practical means, the understanding on methodological choice and model selection procedures. The theoretical developments have been applied to fatal accidents during the period 2000-2011 and van-involved road accidents in 2000-2009. This has resulted in the following contributions: a. Insight on the models has been gained through interpretation of the effect of the input variables on the response and prediction accuracy of both models. The behavior of van-involved road accidents has been explained during this process. b1. Development of an input variable selection procedure, which is crucial for an efficient choice of the inputs. Following the results of a) the procedure uses the DRAG-like model. The estimation is carried out within the Bayesian framework. The procedure has been applied for the total road accident data in Spain in the period 2000-2011. The results of the model selection procedure are compared and validated through a dynamic regression model given that the original data has a stochastic trend. b2. A methodology for theoretical comparison between the two models through Monte Carlo simulation, computer experiment design and ANOVA. The models have a different structure and this affects the estimation of the effects of the input variables. The comparison is thus carried out in terms of the effect of the input variables on the response, which is in general different, and should be related. Considering the results of the study carried out in b1) this study tries to find out how a stochastic time trend will be captured in DRAG model, since there is no specific trend component in DRAG. Given the results of b1) the findings of this study are crucial in order to see if the estimation of data with stochastic component through DRAG will be valid or whether the data need a certain adjustment (typically differencing) prior to the estimation. The model comparison methodology was applied to the UCM and DRAG models, considering that, as mentioned above, the UCM has a specific trend term while DRAG does not. b3. New algorithms were developed for carrying out the methodological exercises. For this purpose different softwares, R, WinBUGs and MATLAB were used. These objectives and contributions have been resulted in the following findings: 1. The road accident phenomenon has been analyzed by means of two macro models: The effects of the influential input variables may be estimated through the models, but it has been observed that the estimates vary from one model to the other, although prediction accuracy is similar, with a slight superiority of the DRAG methodology. 2. The variable selection methodology provides very practical results, as far as the explanation of road accidents is concerned. Prediction accuracy and interpretability have been improved by means of a more efficient input variable and model selection procedure. 3. Insight has been gained on the relationship between the estimates of the effects using the two models. A very relevant issue here is the role of trend in both models, relevant recommendations for the analyst have resulted from here. The results have provided a very satisfactory insight into both modeling aspects and the understanding of both van-involved and total fatal accidents behavior in Spain.

Herramienta web para la ayuda a la generación de consenso

En la actualidad encontramos una gran y creciente cantidad de información en las redes sociales. Esta información en su mayoría se encuentra desestructurada o no organizada de forma adecuada, esto produce que sea difícil alcanzar consensos en argumentaciones y además impide la rápida participación de nuevos agentes en las mismas. Se han estudiado diferentes soluciones para alcanzar consensos en áreas concretos y en su mayoría centrados en el entorno académico, sin embargo se pueden encontrar pocas aplicaciones que traten de acercarse a una solución dentro de un contexto abierto como son las redes sociales. El contexto de las redes sociales es complejo pues no existe un control sobre los usuarios, los hilos de argumentación pueden desvirtuarse y es complejo alcanzar consensos cuando no existe una figura de experto bien definida como suele ocurrir en el contexto académico. Este trabajo trata de crear una herramienta web en forma de red social, con una base en sistemas inteligentes que permita a los usuarios poder obtener suficiente información de una conversación minimizando el esfuerzo para poder participar activamente.---ABSTRACT---Nowadays a large and an increasing amount of information can be found on social networks. This information is mostly unstructured and not properly organized, which is a problem when conclusions are needed to reach a consensus in argumentations. In addition new participants can find difficulties to join argumentations. Different solutions have been studied to solve these problems focused in academic contexts, however few applications which attempt to solve these problems on social networks can be found. It is not a simple task to handle the complexity of arguments on a social network. Besides, the free context and the lack of control over users make reaching a consensus even harder. This academic work seeks to create a tool in the form of an intelligent systems based social networks which may allow users to minimize the effort needed to join and participate in an argumentation.

Juan Martínez Gutiérrez y la modernización de la arquitectura chilena

La presente tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, aborda la obra del arquitecto de origen español Juan Martínez Gutiérrez, reconocido por la crítica especializada como uno de los precursores de la arquitectura moderna en Chile. A pesar de la relevancia de su obra, en la actualidad se carece de un estudio sistematizado y preciso que, de manera global, expongan los factores de modernidad de sus principales edificios, aun cuando han aparecido en los últimos años dos publicaciones referentes al arquitecto y parcialmente a su obra. Formado tanto en arquitectura como en pintura, la labor profesional de Juan Martínez Gutiérrez se inscribió en un contexto de modernización de la sociedad chilena entre la década del 20 y del 50, adjudicándose mediante concurso público, el diseño de cinco edificios institucionales y de carácter público, los que conforman en la actualidad bienes de carácter patrimonial estando dos de ellos declarados Monumento Histórico. Se desenvolvió también en el ámbito de la docencia siendo profesor de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Chile por más de 35 años y Decano de la misma institución. Participó asimismo de la vida gremial de la profesión, recibiendo en el año 1969 el primer premio nacional de arquitectura. Sus edificios públicos, se han mantenido en uso siendo hitos urbanos y en el ámbito disciplinar reconocidas obras ejemplares. Sin embargo, al comenzar el siglo XXI, cuando la modernidad se nos presenta desde la historicidad, surge la pregunta por los valores que sustenta la arquitectura de Juan Martínez, en relación a su tiempo y a la actualidad. En este ámbito reflexivo se plantea la puesta en tesis de la presente investigación, donde las principales obras del arquitecto se analizan inquiriendo su condición de modernidad a la luz de un contexto local cuyas problemáticas sociales son aunadas por el proyecto desarrollista estatal de la primera mitad del siglo XX; interpelando algunos aspectos del estado técnico del país durante el periodo; las tendencias estéticas imperantes de la época y el entorno urbano en el que se emplazan. Al mismo tiempo, el desarrollo de la tesis examina un tópico referencial de la modernidad latinoamericana, que es el influjo europeo en el punto de inflexión que va desde el fin del modelo academicista y la incorporación de los preceptos de un funcionalismo y racionalismo arquitectónico, todo ello mediado por los condicionantes locales. ABSTRACT The following thesis, to achieve the Doctor´s degree at the Superior Technical School of Architecture of the Polytechnic University of Madrid aboard the work of the chilean architect of spanish origin Juan Martinez Gutierrez, recognized by specialized critic as one of the forefathers of modern architecture in Chile. Although the relevance of his work, currently there is no systematic and precise study of it. A study that in a global view exposes the factors of modernity in his foremost buildings. The absence of such study is, despite the appearance in the last two years of two publications about the architect and –partially- his work. Formed as much in architecture as in painting, the professional labor of Juan Martinez Gutierrez was inscribed in the context of Chilean society modernization, between the decades of the 20´s and 30´s. Awarding himself, by means of architectural contests, the design of institutional buildings of public use, witch conform current cultural goods, two of them having been declared National Monuments; a category of cultural heritage officially protected by the state. He also developed an important academic work, being for more than 35 years, professor at the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism at the University of Chile and in his time, Faculty Dean. He also participated, actively, in guild life, being awarded in 1969 the first ever, National Prize of Architecture. His public buildings, still in use, are urban landmarks and exemplar works in a disciplinary dimension. Never the less, at the begins of the XXI century, when the modern movement is presented to us from an historical viewpoint, even from historicity, questions surge about the values that sustain Juan Martinez´s architecture in relation to his time and ours. It is in this reflexive field, that is planted the thesis of the present research, where the principal works of the architect are analyzed inquiring their modern condition, at the light of a local context who´s social problems join the chilean social development state the “Estado Desarrolista” of the first half of the XX century, a situation that interpellants several dimensions: the technical status of the country during the period, the aesthetic tendencies prevailing, and the urban context were they place themselves. At the same time, in its development, the thesis examines a referential topic, that is the Latin American modern movement, or the European influx in that inflexion point that goes from the end of academicism Beaux – Art model and the incorporation of functional and rationalist precepts, all mediated by local conditions.

Desarrollo sostenible de la construcción naval: dinámica evolutiva y eco-innovación en el sector de reparaciones europeo

El impacto ambiental directo de la construcción naval, que se refiere a la construcción, mantenimiento y reparación de buques, no es de ninguna manera pequeño. La construcción de buques depende de un gran número de procesos que por sí mismos constituyen un riesgo significativo de daño medio ambiental en el entorno de los astilleros y que conducen a emisiones significativas de gases de efecto invernadero. Además, la construcción naval utiliza algunos materiales que no sólo puede llevar a graves consecuencias para el daño ambiental durante su producción y su uso en el proceso de construcción de la nave, sino también posteriormente durante la reparación de buques, el funcionamiento y las actividades de reciclaje. (OECD 2010) El impacto ambiental directo de la construcción naval constituye de por sí, un desafío importante para la industria. Pero este impacto no queda limitado a su entorno inmediato, aunque la Construcción Naval no es directamente responsable de la repercusión en el medio ambiente de la operación y el reciclaje de buques comerciales, si es una parte integral de estas actividades. (OECD 2010) En esta tesis se sugiere que el sector de la construcción naval puede y debe aceptar sus responsabilidades ambientales no solo en el entorno del astillero; también en la operación de los buques, sus productos; tomando conciencia, a través de un enfoque de ciclo de vida, del desempeño ambiental de la industria en su conjunto. Es necesario intensificar esfuerzos a medida que el impacto ambiental de la industria es cada vez más visible en el dominio público, en pro de un crecimiento verde que permita aumentar la capacidad de actividad o producción económica al tiempo que reduce o elimina, los impactos ambientales. Este será un imperativo para cualquier futura actividad industrial y exigirá naturalmente conocimiento ambiental intrincado perteneciente a todos los procesos asociados. Esta tesis - aprovechando como valiosa fuente de información los desarrollos y resultados del proyecto europeo: “Eco_REFITEC”. FP7-CP-266268, coordinado por el autor de esta Tesis, en nombre de la Fundación Centro Tecnológico SOERMAR - tiene como primer objetivo Investigar la interpretación del concepto de Construcción Naval y Transporte Marítimo sostenible así como las oportunidades y dificultades de aplicación en el sector de la Construcción y reparación Naval. Ello para crear o aumentar el entendimiento de la interpretación del concepto de transporte marítimo sostenible y la experiencia de su aplicación en particular en los astilleros de nuevas construcciones y reparación. Pretende también contribuir a una mejor comprensión de la industria Marítima y su impacto en relación con el cambio climático, y ayudar en la identificación de áreas para la mejora del desempeño ambiental más allá de las operaciones propias de los astilleros; arrojando luz sobre cómo puede contribuir la construcción naval en la mejora de la eficiencia y en la reducción de emisiones de CO2 en el transporte marítimo. Se espera con este enfoque ayudar a que la Industria de Construcción Naval vaya abandonando su perspectiva tradicional de solo mirar a sus propias actividades para adoptar una visión más amplia tomando conciencia en cuanto a cómo sus decisiones pueden afectar posteriormente las actividades aguas abajo, y sus impactos en el medio ambiente, el cambio climático y el crecimiento verde. Si bien cada capítulo de la tesis posee su temática propia y una sistemática específica, a su vez retoma desde una nueva perspectiva cuestiones importantes abordadas en otros capítulos. Esto ocurre especialmente con algunos ejes que atraviesan toda la tesis. Por ejemplo: la íntima relación entre el transporte marítimo y el sector de construcción naval, la responsabilidad de la política internacional y local, la invitación a buscar nuevos modos de construir el futuro del sector a través de la consideración de los impactos ambientales, económicos y sociales a lo largo de ciclo de vida completo de productos y servicios. La necesidad de una responsabilidad social corporativa. Estos temas no se cierran ni terminan, sino que son constantemente replanteados tratando de enriquecerlos. ABSTRACT The direct environmental impact of shipbuilding, which refers to construction, maintenance and repair of vessels, is by no means small. Shipbuilding depends on a large number of processes which by themselves constitute significant risks of damage to the shipyards‘ surrounding environment and which lead to significant emissions of greenhouse gases. In addition, shipbuilding uses some materials which not only may carry serious implications for environmental harm during their production and usage in the ship construction process, but also subsequently during ship repairing, operation, and recycling activities. (OECD 2010) The direct environmental impact of shipbuilding constitutes a major challenge for the industry. But this impact is not limited on their immediate surroundings, but while not being directly responsible for the impact on the environment from the operation and final recycling of commercial ships, shipbuilding is an integral part of these activities. (OECD 2010) With this in mind, this thesis is suggested that the shipbuilding industry can and must take up their environmental responsibilities not only on their immediate surroundings, also on the ships operation, becoming aware through a “life cycle” approach to ships, the environmental performance of the industry as a whole. As the environmental impact of the industry is becoming increasingly visible in the public domain much more effort is required for the sake of “green growth” which implies the ability to increase economic activity or output while lowering, or eliminating, environmental impacts. This will be an imperative for any future industrial activity and will naturally demand intricate environmental knowledge pertaining to all associated processes. This thesis making use as a valuable source of information of the developments and results of an European FP7-collaborative project called "Eco_REFITEC, coordinated by the author of this thesis on behalf of the Foundation Center Technology SOERMAR, has as its primary objective to investigate the interpretation of a sustainable Shipbuilding and Maritime Transport concept and the challenges and opportunities involved in applying for the Shipbuilding and ship repair Sector. It is done to improve the current understanding regarding sustainable shipping and to show the application experience in shipbuilding and ship repair shipyards. Assuming that sustainability is more than just an act but a process, this academic work it also aims to contribute to a much better understanding of the maritime industry and its impact with respect to climate change, and help in identifying areas for better environmental performance beyond the shipyard's own operations; shedding light on how shipbuilding can contribute in improving efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions in shipping. It is my hope that this thesis can help the Shipbuilding Industry to abandon its traditional perspective where each simply looks at its own activities to take a broader view becoming aware as to how their decisions may further affect downstream activities and their impacts on the environment, climate change and green growth. Although each chapter will have its own subject and specific approach, it will also take up and re-examine important questions previously dealt with. This is particularly the case with a number of themes which will reappear as the thesis unfolds. As example I will point to the intimate relationship between the shipping and shipbuilding industry, the responsibility of international and local policy, the call to seek other ways of building the future of the sector through the consideration of the environmental, economic and social impacts over the full life cycle of the products and services, the need for a corporate social responsibility. These questions will not be dealt with once and for all, but reframed and enriched again and again.

A Semantic-Based Approach to Attain Reproducibility of Computational Environments in Scientic Work ows: A Case Study

Reproducible research in scientic work ows is often addressed by tracking the provenance of the produced results. While this approach allows inspecting intermediate and nal results, improves understanding, and permits replaying a work ow execution, it does not ensure that the computational environment is available for subsequent executions to reproduce the experiment. In this work, we propose describing the resources involved in the execution of an experiment using a set of semantic vocabularies, so as to conserve the computational environment. We dene a process for documenting the work ow application, management system, and their dependencies based on 4 domain ontologies. We then conduct an experimental evaluation sing a real work ow application on an academic and a public Cloud platform. Results show that our approach can reproduce an equivalent execution environment of a predened virtual machine image on both computing platforms.

Teamwork competence and academic motivation in computer science engineering studies.

The present work is focused on studying two issues: the “teamwork” generic competence and the “academic motivation”. Currently the professional profile of engineers has a strong component of teamwork. On the other hand, motivational profile of students determines their tendencies when they come to work in team, as well as their performance at work. In this context we suggest four hypotheses: (H1) students improve their teamwork capacity by specific training and carrying out a set of activities integrated into an active learning process; (H2) students with higher mastery motivation have better attitude towards team working; (H3) students with higher mastery motivation obtain better results in academic performance; and (H4) students show different motivation profiles in different circumstances: type of courses, teaching methodologies, different times of the learning process. This study was carried out with computer science engineering students from two Spanish universities. The first results point to an improvement in teamwork competence of students if they have previously received specific training in facets of that competence. Other results indicate that there is a correlation between the motivational profiles of students and their perception about teamwork competence. Finally, and contrary to the initial hypothesis, these profiles appear to not influence significantly the academic performance of students.

Developing transferable skills through academic motivation activities

The purpose of this study is to work out how a clear and motivated task goal set for the students can develop several skills that are not only useful in their specific academic contexts but also serve to reinforce links and cooperation with the labor market. The following research on skills was taken during one academic year. The students collected advertisements likely to be selected in a near future by themselves as possibilities to apply for a job. The advertisements selected were 120, and all of them were published on the internet either in jobs links or located by the students themselves in the web-practices of their choice. All the advertisements chosen by the students provided us with a skill list focused on architectural profiles. To conclude, academic research skills versus future motivation jobs positions are fruitful paths to conduct successful students´response at job interviews.

Teamwork, motivational profiles and academic performance in computer science engineering

The present work is aimed at discussing several issues related to the teamwork generic competence, motivational profiles and academic performance. In particular, we study the improvement of teamwork attitude, the predominant types of motivation in different contexts and some correlations among these three components of the learning process. The above-mentioned aspects are of great importance. Currently, the professional profile of engineers has a strong teamwork component and the motivational profile of students determines both their tendencies when they come to work as part of a team, as well as their performance at work. Taking these issues into consideration, we suggest four hypotheses: (H1) students improve their teamwork capacity through specific training and carrying out of a set of activities integrated into an active learning process; (H2) students with higher mastery motivation have a better attitude towards teamwork; (H3) students with different types of motivations reach different levels of academic performance; and (H4) students show different motivation profiles in different circumstances: type of courses, teaching methodologies, different times of the learning process. This study was carried out with Computer Science Engineering students from two Spanish universities. The first results point to an improvement in teamwork competence of students if they have previously received specific training in facets of that competence. Other results indicate that there is a correlation between the motivational profiles of students and their perception of teamwork competence. Finally, results point to a clear relationship between some kind of motivation and academic performance. In particular, four kinds of motivation are analyzed and students are classified into two groups according to them. After analyzing several marks obtained in compulsory courses, we perceive that those students that show higher motivation for avoiding failure obtain, in general, worse academic performance.