Self-adaptive strategy based on fuzzy control systems for improving performance in wireless sensors networks

The solutions to cope with new challenges that societies have to face nowadays involve providing smarter daily systems. To achieve this, technology has to evolve and leverage physical systems automatic interactions, with less human intervention. Technological paradigms like Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are providing reference models, architectures, approaches and tools that are to support cross-domain solutions. Thus, CPS based solutions will be applied in different application domains like e-Health, Smart Grid, Smart Transportation and so on, to assure the expected response from a complex system that relies on the smooth interaction and cooperation of diverse networked physical systems. The Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN) are a well-known wireless technology that are part of large CPS. The WSN aims at monitoring a physical system, object, (e.g., the environmental condition of a cargo container), and relaying data to the targeted processing element. The WSN communication reliability, as well as a restrained energy consumption, are expected features in a WSN. This paper shows the results obtained in a real WSN deployment, based on SunSPOT nodes, which carries out a fuzzy based control strategy to improve energy consumption while keeping communication reliability and computational resources usage among boundaries.

Experiences on using closed-loop control systems for smoke control

The main objective of ventilation systems in case of fire is the reduction of the possible consequences by achieving the best possible conditions for the evacuation of the users and the intervention of the emergency services. In the last years, the required quick response of the ventilation system, from normal to emergency mode, has been improved by the use of automatic and semi-automatic control systems, what reduces the response times through the support to the operators decision taking, and the use of pre-defined strategies. A further step consists on the use of closedloop algorithms, which takes into account not only the initial conditions but their development (air velocity, traffic situation, etc), optimizing the quality of the smoke control process

Autonomous vehicle control systems for safe crossroads

This article presents a cooperative manoeuvre among three dual mode cars – vehicles equipped with sensors and actuators, and that can be driven either manually or autonomously. One vehicle is driven autonomously and the other two are driven manually. The main objective is to test two decision algorithms for priority conflict resolution at intersections so that a vehicle autonomously driven can take their own decision about crossing an intersection mingling with manually driven cars without the need for infrastructure modifications. To do this, the system needs the position, speeds, and turning intentions of the rest of the cars involved in the manoeuvre. This information is acquired via communications, but other methods are also viable, such as artificial vision. The idea of the experiments was to adjust the speed of the manually driven vehicles to force a situation where all three vehicles arrive at an intersection at the same time.

Evaluation of three solar and daylighting control systems based on Calumen II, Ecotect and Radiance simulation programs to obtain an energy efficient and healthy interior in the experimental building prototype SDE10

Evaluation of three solar and daylighting control systems based on Calumen II, Ecotect and Radiance simulation programs to obtain an energy efficient and healthy interior in the experimental building prototype SDE10

Wireless Power Transfer: Control para máxima transferencia de potencia con enlace resonante inductivo

Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto “Health aware enhanced range wireless power transfer systems”, conocido por el acrónimo de ETHER. Los grupos investigadores que forman parte de ETHER involucran a dos instituciones, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña (UPC) y Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM). En este caso, el trabajo ha sido llevado a cabo en el marco del Centro de Electrónica Industrial(CEI) de la UPM. Además, este trabajo es el tercero en una sucesión de estudios realizados por el CEI con el objetivo de lograr implementar un sistema de carga inalámbrica en un marcapasos. Los trabajos previos al desarrollado son los realizados por Miguel Gifford y María Gonzalez. Otros trabajos del CEI han servido de guía. El principal objetivo de la aplicación, es evitar las operaciones que se llevan a cabo actualmente para la sustitución de la batería de los marcapasos implantados en pacientes. Este periodo de sustitución es del orden de cuatro años, lo que depende del tipo de marcapasos y las circunstancias en las que se vea envuelto el paciente. Se pretende lograr la carga del dispositivo causando la menor molestia posible al paciente sin afectar a su salud. El sistema de carga inalámrica o WPT1, está basado en inducción magnética resonante, conocida como RIC2. Esta tecnología se fundamenta en el uso de bobinas acopladas como elemento transmisor de energía. A su vez, la impedancia de estas bobinas, es compensada mediante el uso de condensadores, obteniendo circuitos resonantes. Mediante el uso de RIC se logran mejores características técnicas para la transmisión de energía en el rango medio. Esto permite salvar la distancia entre el elemento generador y la batería del marcapasos, incluso ante la existencia de tejido orgánico entre las dos bobinas. Se han considerado dos posibilidades de configuraci´on del sistema. Dos etapas: se dispone de dos bobinas, emisora y receptora. Esta configuración supone trabajar a altas frecuencias para conseguir transferencia de energías efectivas teniendo en cuenta las especificaciones del marcapasos. Tres etapas: se dispone de tres bobinas, emisora, intermedia y receptora. Se mejora el alcance, permitiendo trabajar a menores frecuencias, pero complicando el control y la implementación del sistema. Sin embargo, el foco de los esfuerzos invertidos en este trabajo, es el estudio del sistema de optimización que se introduce en las configuraciones anteriormente descritas. La optimización se centra en conseguir máxima transferencia de potencia, quedando relegado a un segundo plano el rendimiento. Esto se justifica por las características de la aplicación donde la principal limitación es la viabilidad del sistema. Asímismo, la viabilidad viene impuesta por la potencia que consume el marcapasos y la que es capaz de suministrar el sistema. Este sistema de optimización se basa en la regulación en frecuencia y en la adaptación de la impedancia de carga. Este último método es estudiado, y se basa en lograr una impedancia de carga igual al complejo conjugado de la impedancia de salida, logrando máxima transferencia de potencia. El sistema de optimización hace uso de varias estructuras de control de electrónica de potencia. Inversor: Se sitúa en la etapa emisora y permite controlar la frecuencia de trabajo del sistema. Rectificador activo: Se sitúa en la etapa receptora y controla el desfase entre intensidad y tensión. Convertidor CC-CC: Se sitúa en la etapa receptora, tras el rectificador. Controla la amplitud de la tensión.Mediante el uso conjunto del rectificador y el convertidor es posible controlar la impedancia de la carga. Se ha realizado un análisis teórico para determinar el punto de funcionamiento óptimo del sistema, y posteriormente, se han validado estos resultados mediante simulaciones. Se demuestra que la potencia transferida por el sistema WTP se multiplica por cinco respecto de la solución original, es decir, en ausencia del sistema de optimización. Además se logra mayor robustez, ya que el control activo del sistema proporciona mayor adaptabilidad ante condiciones alejadas de las de diseño. El trabajo realizado se ha prolongado durante un periodo de doscientos días efectivos con una dedicación de 360 horas de trabajo. El coste total asignado al desempeño del trabajo es de 16.678,94 euros.

Haptic teleoperation of mobile robots for augmentation of operator perception in environments with low-wireless signal

Wireless teleoperation of field robots for maintenance, inspection and rescue missions is often performed in environments with low wireless connectivity, caused by signal losses from the environment and distance from the wireless transmitters. Various studies from the literature have addressed these problems with time-delay robust control systems and multi-hop wireless relay networks. However, such approaches do not solve the issue of how to present wireless data to the operator to avoid losing control of the robot. Despite the fact that teleoperation for maintenance often already involves haptic devices, no studies look at the possibility of using this existing feedback to aid operators in navigating within areas of variable wireless connectivity. We propose a method to incorporate haptic information into the velocity control of an omnidirectional robot to augment the operators perception of wireless signal strength in the remote environment. In this paper we introduce a mapping between wireless signal strength from multiple receivers to the force feedback of a 6 Degree of Freedom haptic master and evaluate the proposed approach using experimental data and randomly generated wireless maps

Design and Test of a High QoS Radio Network for CBTC Systems in Subway Tunnels

Communications Based Train Control Systems require high quality radio data communications for train signaling and control. Actually most of these systems use 2.4GHz band with proprietary radio transceivers and leaky feeder as distribution system. All them demand a high QoS radio network to improve the efficiency of railway networks. We present narrow band, broad band and data correlated measurements taken in Madrid underground with a transmission system at 2.4 GHz in a test network of 2 km length in subway tunnels. The architecture proposed has a strong overlap in between cells to improve reliability and QoS. The radio planning of the network is carefully described and modeled with narrow band and broadband measurements and statistics. The result is a network with 99.7% of packets transmitted correctly and average propagation delay of 20ms. These results fulfill the specifications QoS of CBTC systems.

Spacecraft thermal control design data

This paper shows the actual state of a compilation work on Thermal Control Design Data being done at Madrid (Lamf-ETSIA) under several ESTEC contracts, introducing a Handbook already issued, its additions and updatings.

Open multi-technology building energy management system

Energy Efficiency is one of the goals of the Smart Building initiatives. This paper presents an Open Energy Management System which consists of an ontology-based multi-technology platform and a wireless transducer network using 6LoWPAN communication technology. The system allows the integration of several building automation protocols and eases the development of different kind of services to make use of them. The system has been implemented and tested in the Energy Efficiency Research Facility at CeDInt-UPM.

A platform for real-time control education with LEGO MINDSTORMS.

A set of software development tools for building real-time control systems on a simple robotics platform is described in the paper. The tools are being used in a real-time systems course as a basis for student projects. The development platform is a low-cost PC running GNU/Linux, and the target system is LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT, thus keeping the cost of the laboratory low. Real-time control software is developed using a mixed paradigm. Functional code for control algorithms is automatically generated in C from Simulink models. This code is then integrated into a concurrent, real-time software architecture based on a set of components written in Ada. This approach enables the students to take advantage of the high-level, model-oriented features that Simulink oers for designing control algorithms, and the comprehensive support for concurrency and real-time constructs provided by Ada.

ClimApp: A Novel Approach of an Intelligent HVAC Control System

This paper describes a novel deployment of an intelligent user-centered HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioner) control system. The main objective of this system is to optimize user comfort and to reduce energy consumption in office buildings. Existing commercial HVAC control systems work in a fixed and predetermined way. The novelty of the proposed system is that it adapts dynamically to the user and to the building environment. For this purpose the system architecture has been designed under the paradigm of Ambient Intelligence. A prototype of the system proposed has been tested in a real-world environment.

Experiences on the specification of algorithms for fire and smoke control in road tunnels

The main objective of ventilation systems in case of fire is the reduction of the possible consequences by achieving the best possible conditions for the evacuation of the users and the intervention of the emergency services. The required immediate transition, from normal to emergency functioning of the ventilation equipments, is being strengthened by the use of automatic and semi-automatic control systems, what reduces the response times through the help to the operators, and the use of pre-defined strategies. A further step consists on the use of closed-loop algorithms, which takes into account not only the initial conditions but their development (air velocity, traffic situation, etc.), optimizing smoke control capacity.

Complexity in the Optimisation of ATM Performance Metrics

Today's motivation for autonomous systems research stems out of the fact that networked environments have reached a level of complexity and heterogeneity that make their control and management by solely human administrators more and more difficult. The optimisation of performance metrics for the air traffic management system, like in other networked system, has become more complex with increasing number of flights, capacity constraints, environmental factors and safety regulations. It is anticipated that a new structure of planning layers and the introduction of higher levels of automation will reduce complexity and will optimise the performance metrics of the air traffic management system. This paper discusses the complexity of optimising air traffic management performance metrics and proposes a way forward based on higher levels of automation.

Development of Embedded Linux Applications Using ZedBoard

The purpose of this document is to create a modest integration guide for embedding a Linux Operating System on ZedBoard development platform, based on Xilinx’s Zynq-7000 All Programmable System on Chip which contains a dual core ARM Cortex-A9 and a 7 Series FPGA Artix-7. The integration process has been structured in four chapters according to the logic generation of the different parts that compose the embedded system. With the intention of automating the generation process of a complete Linux distribution specific for ZedBoard platform, BuildRoot development platform it is used. Once the embedding process finished, it was decided to add to the system the required functionalities for adding support for IEEE1588 Standard for Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems, through a user space Linux program which implements the protocol. That PTP user space implementation program has been cross-compiled, executed on target and tested for evaluating the functionalities added. RESUMEN El propósito de este documento es crear una modesta guía de integración de un sistema operativo Linux para la plataforma de desarrollo ZedBoard, basada en un System on Chip del fabricante Xilinx llamado Zynq-7000. Este System on Chip está compuesto por un procesador de doble núcleo ARM Cortex-A9 y una FPGA de la Serie 7 equiparable a una Artix-7. El proceso de integración se ha estructurado en cuatro grandes capítulos que se rigen según el orden lógico de generación de las distintas partes por las que el sistema empotrado está compuesto. Con el ánimo de automatizar el proceso de creación de una distribución de Linux específica para la plataforma ZedBoard, se ha utilizado la plataforma de desarrollo BuildRoot. Una vez terminado el proceso de integración del sistema empotrado, se procedió a dar dotar al sistema de las funcionalidades necesarias para dar soporte al estándar de sincronización de relojes en redes de área local, PTP IEEE1588, a través de una implementación del mismo en un programa de lado de usuario el cual ha sido compilado, ejecutado y testeado para evaluar el correcto funcionamiento de las funcionalidades añadidas.

Knowledge-based models for adaptive traffic management systems

This paper describes a general approach for real time traffic management support using knowledge based models. Recognizing that human intervention is usually required to apply the current automatic traffic control systems, it is argued that there is a need for an additional intelligent layer to help operators to understand traffic problems and to make the best choice of strategic control actions that modify the assumption framework of the existing systems.