Sustainable Planning And Land Valuation, New Forms Of Suburban Growth In Areas Of The Spanish Mediterranean Coast

The present study analyzes residential models in coastal areas with large influxes of tourism, the sustainability of their planning and its repercussion on urban values. The project seeks to establish a methodology for territorial valuation through the analysis of externalities that have influenced urban growth and its impact on the formation of residential real estate values. This will make it possible to create a map for qualitative land valuation, resulting from a combination of environmental, landscape, social and productive valuations. This in turn will establish a reference value for each of the areas in question, as well as their spatial interrelations. These values become guidelines for the study of different territorial scenarios, which help improve the sustainable territorial planning process. This is a rating scale for urban planning. The results allow us to establish how the specific characteristics of the coast are valued and how they can be incorporated into sustainable development policies.

A Keyword-driven approach for generating OWL DL conformance test data

The conformance of semantic technologies has to be systematically evaluated to measure and verify the real adherence of these technologies to the Semantic Web standards. Currente valuations of semantic technology conformance are not exhaustive enough and do not directly cover user requirements and use scenarios, which raises the need for a simple, extensible and parameterizable method to generate test data for such evaluations. To address this need, this paper presents a keyword-driven approach for generating ontology language conformance test data that can be used to evaluate semantic technologies, details the definition of a test suite for evaluating OWL DL conformance using this approach,and describes the use and extension of this test suite during the evaluation of some tools.

A fuzzy approach to risk analysis in information systems

Assets are interrelated in risk analysis methodologies for information systems promoted by international standards. This means that an attack on one asset can be propagated through the network and threaten an organization's most valuable assets. It is necessary to valuate all assets, the direct and indirect asset dependencies, as well as the probability of threats and the resulting asset degradation. These methodologies do not, however, consider uncertain valuations and use precise values on different scales, usually percentages. Linguistic terms are used by the experts to represent assets values, dependencies and frequency and asset degradation associated with possible threats. Computations are based on the trapezoidal fuzzy numbers associated with these linguistic terms.

Application of a Bayesian/Generalised Least-Squares method to generate correlations between independent neutron fission yield data

Fission product yields are fundamental parameters for several nuclear engineering calculations and in particular for burn-up/activation problems. The impact of their uncertainties was widely studied in the past and valuations were released, although still incomplete. Recently, the nuclear community expressed the need for full fission yield covariance matrices to produce inventory calculation results that take into account the complete uncertainty data. In this work, we studied and applied a Bayesian/generalised least-squares method for covariance generation, and compared the generated uncertainties to the original data stored in the JEFF-3.1.2 library. Then, we focused on the effect of fission yield covariance information on fission pulse decay heat results for thermal fission of 235U. Calculations were carried out using different codes (ACAB and ALEPH-2) after introducing the new covariance values. Results were compared with those obtained with the uncertainty data currently provided by the library. The uncertainty quantification was performed with the Monte Carlo sampling technique. Indeed, correlations between fission yields strongly affect the statistics of decay heat. Introduction Nowadays, any engineering calculation performed in the nuclear field should be accompanied by an uncertainty analysis. In such an analysis, different sources of uncertainties are taken into account. Works such as those performed under the UAM project (Ivanov, et al., 2013) treat nuclear data as a source of uncertainty, in particular cross-section data for which uncertainties given in the form of covariance matrices are already provided in the major nuclear data libraries. Meanwhile, fission yield uncertainties were often neglected or treated shallowly, because their effects were considered of second order compared to cross-sections (Garcia-Herranz, et al., 2010). However, the Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation (WPEC)

Equity Carve Out : desde la óptica del PMO

Un Equity Carve Out, también conocido como escisión IPO o escisión parcial de empresas, constituye un tipo de reorganización corporativa, en la que una empresa crea una nueva filial a partir de la separación de una de sus actividades, negocios o servicios. Estas operaciones empresariales actualmente constituyen unas de las prácticas más comunes usadas por las compañías para conseguir financiación. El capital entrante por la venta de parte o la totalidad de la filial, justificará por un lado el esfuerzo invertido en el proceso y por otro abrirá nuevos caminos para la empresa recién constituida. Pero la mayor parte de estos procesos son de una complejidad elevada, tanto si se ven desde la óptica externa a la empresa, como interna. Por un lado las valoraciones bursátiles, dadas las actuales circunstancias económicas, no son las mejores. Y por otro, los proyectos de escisión tienen demasiados puntos críticos para considerarlos sencillos o mecánicos de ejecución. Este documento se centrará en dar solución a la problemática interna que afrontan las empresas una vez tomada la decisión de escindir una actividad: ¿cómo gestionar el proceso? Desde la experiencia y el conocimiento empresarial, se propone como solución: un proyecto completo, coherente y estructurado de escisión; y un PMO o responsable de proyecto, para dirigirlo. Durante todo el documento se repasarán todos y cada uno de los pasos que debe tener en consideración y llevar bajo control el PMO, para acabar el equity carve out en 5 meses. Se definirá un proyecto completo describiendo los pasos necesarios para: • Construir nueva empresa y las relaciones con su ecosistema. • Definir todas las operaciones de negocio necesarias para garantizar su operatividad. • Crear las estructuras necesarias que soporten todas las operaciones y procesos. Para ello y dentro de una planificación global, se propone el trabajo diario con todos los departamentos que tengan algún tipo de involucración en el proceso: operaciones, legal, recursos humanos, financiero, fiscal, TI, marketing y comunicación y compras. Todos estos departamentos o líneas de trabajo tendrán tareas y objetivos particulares. El documento servirá de manual, para que el PMO tenga una visión cuasi-completa de lo que hay que hacer en cada momento, con qué profesionales trabajar y con qué propósito. ---ABSTRACT---An Equity Carve Out, also named as excision or partial IPO excision of companies, is a type of corporate reorganization in which a company creates a new one from the separation of one of its activities, business or services. Currently these business operations constitute one of the most common practices used by companies to get funding. The capital that comes from the sale of part or the totality of the subsidiary, justifies the effort invested in the process on one hand, and on the other opens new perspectives for the newly formed company. But most of these processes are highly complex, whether viewed from outside the company, or from inside. On one side, stock valuations, taking into account the current economic circumstances, are not the best. And on the other side, excision projects have too many critical points to consider the projects simple or mechanical. This document is focused on resolving the internal problems faced by enterprises, once the decision of spinning off the activity is taken: how to manage the process? From the experience and business knowledge, we propose as solution: a complete, coherent and structured excision project; and a PMO or Project Officer leading it. Throughout the document, each and every step that the PMO must take into consideration will be reviewed, in order to finish the equity carve-out in 5 months. A complete project will be defined by describing the steps necessary to: • Build new business and relationships with its ecosystem. • Define all business operations necessary to ensure their operability. • Create the necessary structures that support all operations and processes. Within the Global Planning, we will propose daily work with all the departments that have some sort of involvement in the process: operations, legal, human resources, financial, taxes, IT, marketing communication and purchases. All these departments or working lines have their own tasks and goals. The document could be used as a manual for the PMO in order to have a near-complete picture of what to do anytime, with what professionals he/she would work and for what purpose.

Identidad, apropiación, sentido de comunidad y satisfacción residencial: claves de análisis para los estudios urbanos y la planificación. El caso del barrio Embajadores, Madrid

Las rápidas y continuas transformaciones urbanas que experimentan las ciudades actuales han generado importantes cambios en la forma en que se vive, experimenta y percibe la vida en ellas. Estos procesos de transformación, a veces fruto del rápido crecimiento de los entornos urbanos, de su heterogeneidad, de sus dinámicas económicas, de la confrontación de las diferencias sociales de los habitantes o simplemente producto de nuevos usos en los entornos, han propiciado un creciente interés por comprender el efecto que un determinado contexto urbano tiene sobre el individuo y viceversa. O dicho de forma más general, se ha buscado comprender la relación entre el ser humano y el entorno. Así, más recientemente, la atención de muchos estudios se ha posado también en los patrones de uso de los espacios, los cuales van acompañados de una infinidad de cogniciones y valoraciones surgidas en los residentes producto de sus experiencias con el entorno construido. Dentro del desarrollo de estas investigaciones, han surgido una gran variedad de conceptos que han sido identificados por la trascendencia que tienen sobre el vínculo entre el individuo y el contexto, entre los cuales encontramos los conceptos de Identidad, Apropiación de lugar, Sentido de Comunidad y Satisfacción residencial. Este trabajo, tomando como base estos cuatro conceptos, se ha preocupado por comprender la forma en que éstos se relacionan con una serie de variables socio-demográficas, físico-urbanas y cognitivas en la dimensión urbana, con el propósito de valorar el poder de estos constructos —y las variables vinculadas— con los procesos de transformación urbana. La finalidad de la realización de dicho análisis se sustenta en poder identificar como estos factores son tomados en consideración en el urbanismo para así poder reconocer diversas opciones para mediar o incidir sobre estas variables desde las políticas públicas, la planificación urbana o el proyecto urbano. Esto pues, se parte del entendimiento de que la práctica urbanística tiene la opción de interceder sobre una serie de cuestiones que afectan directamente el bienestar y la calidad de vida de las personas, por lo cual su absoluto entendimiento sobre los efectos que fenómenos urbanos como éstos tienen sobre los entornos, es de gran transcendencia para la disciplina. Por tanto, esta investigación ha recopilado y analizado, mediante diferentes herramientas estadísticas, gran cantidad de datos provenientes de una encuesta realizada en un barrio de la ciudad de Madrid, que le han permitido identificar las variables que más peso tienen en los procesos urbanos que desembocan en una mayor Identificación, Apropiación, Sentido de Comunidad y Satisfacción Residencial en el individuo. Esta primera etapa, permitió posteriormente indagar, con ayuda de un panel de expertos urbanistas, sobre las posibilidades de la disciplina para mediar o interceder sobre esos aspectos, lo que nos permitió finalmente alcanzar algunos resultados y conclusiones que permiten valorar las opciones de las diferentes escalas de intervención urbana y los retos de cara al futuro de trabajos sobre esta temática. ABSTRACT The fast and continuous urban transformations that current major cities experience, have generated important changes in the way in which we live, experience and perceive life in them. These transformation processes, sometimes result of rapid growth of urban environments, of their heterogeneity, of their economic dynamics, of the confrontation of social differences amongst its population or just as a product of new ways environments are used, have led to a growing interest in understanding the effect that a given urban context has on the individual and vice versa. In other words, it’s sought to understand the relationship between human beings and the environment. Thus, more recently, the attention of many studies have also focused in the patterns of use of space, which are accompanied by a multitude of cognitions and valuations arising in residents product of their experiences with the built environment. Within the development of those investigations, there have been a great variety of concepts that have been identified due to the importance they have on the relationship between the individual and the context, among which are the concepts of identity, appropriation of place, sense of community and residential satisfaction. This work, based on these four concepts, has been concerned with understanding how they relate to a series of socio-demographic, physical and cognitive variables in an urban dimension, in order to assess the power of these constructs —and related variables— with urban transformation processes. The purpose of that analysis is based on being able to identify how these factors are taken into consideration in planning, in order to recognize different options to mediate or influence on these variables from public policies, urban planning or urban project. This then, is on the understanding that the planning practice has the option to intercede on a number of issues that directly affect the welfare and quality of life of people, so the absolute understanding of the effects of urban phenomena like these have over environments, is of great importance to the discipline. Therefore, this research has collected and analyzed, using different statistical tools, lots of data obtained from a survey performed in a neighborhood of the city of Madrid, which enabled it to identify the variables that have more weight in urban processes that lead in higher identification, appropriation, sense of community and residential satisfaction in the individual. This first step, then allows investigating, with the help of a panel of expert planners, on the possibility of the discipline to mediate or intercede on these aspects, which ultimately enabled us to achieve some results and conclusions that allow evaluating the options of different scales of urban intervention and challenges for the future of work on this subject.

La aplicación de métodos estadísticos en la valoración masiva de inmuebles: una propuesta de regulación en el marco normativo del Banco de España

Las valoraciones automatizadas (AVM según sus siglas en inglés) son modelos matemáticos de valoración que permiten estimar el valor de un inmueble o una cartera de inmuebles mediante la utilización de información de mercado previamente recogida y analizada. Las principales ventajas de los modelos AVM respecto a las valoraciones tradicionales son su objetividad, rapidez y economía. Existe regulación al respecto y estándares profesionales en otros países, no obstante en España los criterios de valoración mediante modelos AVM siguen siendo excesivamente básicos, al no establecer procesos concretos ni distinguir entre los diversos métodos estadísticos existentes y la aplicación adecuada de los mismos. Por otra parte, desde la publicación de la Circular 3/2008 del Banco de España se ha extendido el uso de este tipo de valoraciones en España para la actualización de valor de inmuebles en garantía de préstamos hipotecarios. La actual desregularización en nuestro país en cuanto a normativa de valoraciones automatizadas nos permite plantear propuestas y metodologías con el fin de aportar un punto de vista nuevo desde la investigación, la experiencia en otros países y la práctica empresarial más reciente. Este trabajo de investigación trata de sentar las bases de una futura regulación en España en materia de valoraciones masivas adaptadas al marco hipotecario español. ABSTRACT The Automated Valuation Models (AVM) are mathematically based valuation models that allow to estimate the value of a property or portfolio of properties by using market information previously collected and analyzed. The main advantages of the AVMs in comparison to traditional valuations are the objectivity, speed and economy. In other countries there is regulation and standards regarding the use of AVMs. However, in Spain the norms that apply to AVM valuations are still too basic, since these norms do not define specific processes and do not distinguish between the different statistical approaches available and their correct use. On the other hand, following the ratification of the 3/2008 Bank of Spain Circular the use of AVM models in Spain for the value update of mortgaged properties has increased. The current deregulation in Spain regarding Automated Valuation Models allows to provide propositions and methodologies in order to offer a new point of view based on the research, experience in other countries and the most recent professional practice. The present research thesis aims to provide basic principles and criteria for a future Spanish regulation on massive valuation in the context of the Spanish mortgage framework.