Strategic Airline Alliances: Advantages for Major Airlines Being Aligned

SSome factors including the deregulation in the U.S and the liberalization in Europe of the airline industry are essential to understanding why the number of partnership agreements between airlines has increased during the last 25 years. These events, coupled with the continuous economic downturn and the 9/11 catastrophe seem to be the perfect framework for the tendency to develop airline strategic alliances. However, it has been observed that this trend was not followed during the period 2005-2008. The purpose of this paper is to analyze if a benefit was experienced by the major airlines who became a member of the current 3 big alliances compared to the major airlines that decided not to become a member or were not admitted into the alliances during 2005-2008. The methodology of this report includes an analysis of several airlines��� performance figures. These performance figures include the revenue passenger kilometers (RPKs), the passenger load factor (PLF) and also the market share (MS). The figures will be compared between the aligned airlines and others which have similar business models. The value of this paper is to reveal whether being aligned provides advantages to major airlines under a bearish airline market in a globalized environment.

Realizaci��n de Mapa Estrat��gico de Ruido de las Carreteras de la Red del Estado (A-3 - zona Campus Sur de la U.P.M.)

En cumplimiento de la Directiva 2002/49/CE en lo referente a carreteras, se han llevado a cabo en Espa��a, en el a��o 2007, los mapas estrat��gicos de ruido (MER) de los grandes ejes viarios de m��s de 6 millones de veh��culos / a��o (datos 2006). En esta categor��a se encuentra la carretera A-3 a su paso por el Campus Sur de la U.P.M. De acuerdo con el pliego de prescripciones t��cnicas, estos MER se dividen en fase A o de estudio b��sico y fase B o de estudio de detalle. En el proyecto denominado ���Realizaci��n de Mapa Estrat��gico de Ruido de las carreteras de la Red del Estado (A-3 - Zona Campus sur de la U.P.M.)��� se muestran los resultados de informaci��n p��blica de fase A del Mapa Estrat��gico de Ruido (MER) para la carretera A-3 en la Comunidad de Madrid. Teniendo en cuenta dichos resultados y la no elecci��n del Campus Sur en la fase B (detalle) de dicho MER; en el presente proyecto se realiza el Mapa Estrat��gico de fase B del Campus Sur de la U.P.M. para el gran ejes viarios (A-3), de cumplimiento de la Directiva 2002/49/CE y siguiendo las indicaciones del pliego de prescripciones t��cnicas para esta primera fase de entregas de 2007 y utilizando para ello Sistemas de Informaci��n Geogr��fica (SIG). Se justifica, seg��n los resultados obtenidos, si hubiera sido necesaria su inclusi��n en esta fase de estudio. Una vez establecidas las diferencias entre Mapa Estrat��gico de Ruido (MER) y Mapa de Ruido (MR), se analizan los diversos criterios t��cnicos que debe tomar un consultor ac��stico durante la realizaci��n de un MER y c��mo estos pueden afectar al resultado final siendo todos ellos v��lidos pero creando una falta de homogeneidad entre los diferentes MER seg��n el autor del estudio. Se describen las diferentes acciones que se est��n tomando tras la entrega de 2007 para intentar solucionar este problema de cara a las nuevas entregas. ABSTRACT: The environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC has clear requirements to Member States in terms of Strategic Noise Maps according to roads. So, have been carried out in Spain, in 2007, Strategic Noise Maps of the major roads which have more than six million vehicle passages a year (2006 data) where the A-3 road near ���Campus Sur U.P.M.��� is included. In accord with the statement of technical requirements, these Strategic Noise Maps are divided into A phase (Basic study) and B phase (detailed study). The present project by the name of "Implementation of Strategic Noise Map of Spanish Roads (A-3 ��� Campus Sur U.P.M. area)" shows the results of Strategic Noise Map for the A-3 in the Community of Madrid (A phase, public information ��� EGRA project Spanish Ministry of Transport). According to de study results and the not election of ���Campus Sur��� to B phase (detail), in this project has been made the B phase of Strategic Map in compliance with Directive 2002/49/EC, following the technical requirements specifications for the first phase of deliveries (2007) and using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to carry on them. Is justified, in accordance with the results, if it was necessary to include ���Campus Sur��� in this B phase of study. Once established the differences between Strategic Noise Map and Noise Map, the present project examines the technical criteria that must take an acoustic consultant for the realization of a Strategic Map and how these criteria could affect the quality of the final results being all of them valid but it generate a lack of homogeneity between the different Strategic Noise Map by the author of the study. There wasn���t so much experience in Spain in the methodology proposed by the European Noise Directive. The actions that are being taken after delivery of 2007 to try to solve this problem and get harmonized the results among the whole network for the new deliveries each five years are shown at the present project.