Nutritional intake and body composition of adolescent soccer player of two different levels of performance: a comparative study

Soccer participation worldwide is increasing and every club try to discover new talents. It is well know that there is an important correlation between body composition (BC) and talent detection (TD) and when coaches and selectors choose players, they tend to choose them with optimum BC.

Análisis de la actividad física competitiva en jugadores de fútbol de un equipo de excelencia

OBJETIVO: Esta tesis doctoral pretende analizar el rendimiento en fútbol desde un punto de vista físico de los jugadores de un equipo de excelencia (EE). Se entiende como EE a un equipo que presenta un prolongado bagaje de éxitos nacionales e internacionales a lo largo de varios años. MÉTODO: Se utilizó el sistema de registro (AMISCO) de la actividad del jugador de fútbol en competición (distancia total recorrida, distancias a distintas velocidades, y número de sprints) analizando a lo largo de seis temporadas continuada la actividad de jugadores de élite (N=2082), siendo 1051 pertenecientes al EE y 1031 a jugadores de los equipos rivales (ER). RSULTADO: El perfil de actividad (distancia total, distancia en distintas velocidades y nº de sprints) de los jugadores del EE muestran valores inferiores al de los jugadores de los ER. De igual forma ocurre en cada una de las partes del partido, el puesto específico de juego de los jugadores en las distintas temporadas analizadas y en los distintos meses de la temporada. El EE registra una mayor actividad (distancia total recorrida en el partido, distancia recorrida en velocidades altas V>17 km/h y nº de Sprints) cuando juega de local a cuando lo hace como visitante. Asimismo EE muestra demandas superiores de exigencia física en la competición europea (Champions League) frente a la Liga en la distancia total recorrida en el partido y a velocidades bajas (V<17 km/h), mientras que apenas muestra diferencias en los indicadores de exigencia física cuando se enfrenta a los equipos rivales de distinto nivel de rendimiento, exceptuando en la distancia recorrida andando (V=01-11 km/h) con diferencias significativas superiores cuando el nivel del oponente es de Máxima dificultad frente a Elevada dificultad (p<.01) o Media dificultad (p<.01). En función del estilo de juego se registran diferencias en la distancia total recorrida en el partido, en velocidades bajas (V<17 km/h) y en el nº de Sprints (V>24 km/h). Por último, el perfil de actividad del EE no se ve influenciado por el efecto de estar sometido a una alta densidad competitiva (jugar un partido entre semana). Se constata como un jugador de un EE está supeditado no sólo a las exigencias del puesto específico sino también está sujeta a las características propias del jugador al desempeñar el rol o función táctica encomendada. Esta influencia es más evidente en jugadores que ocupan puestos específicos avanzados. CONCLUSION: La presente investigación aporta la caracterización de la actividad de los jugadores de un EE frente al perfil de actividad de sus rivales, mostrando un nivel de respuesta específica y diferente, más estable frente a determinadas variables contextuales y donde la exigencia física en el puesto específico se ve condicionada por las características individuales del jugador, todos estos aspectos pueden ayudar a la hora de planificar el entrenamiento en este tipo de equipos. ABSTRACT OBJETIVE: This doctoral thesis aims to analyze the performance in football from a physical point of view on a team of excellence. METHOD: The registration system (AMISCO) activity soccer player in competition (total distance traveled distances at different speeds, and number of sprints) was used to analyze over six seasons continued activity elite players (N = 2082), with 1051 belonging to Team Excellence (EE) and 1031 players from rival teams (ER). RESULT: The competitive physical response of the US players are analyzed and compared with that of ER. The activity profile (total distance, distance at different speeds and number of sprints) of EE players shown below players ER values. The same occurs in each of the parts of the game, the specific game since players analyzed in different seasons and in different months of the season. The EE recorded increased activity (total distance traveled in the match, distance at high speeds V> 17 km / h and sprints number) when playing a local when it does on the road. EE also shows higher demands physical demands in European competition (Champions League) against the League in the total distance traveled in the party and at low speeds (V <17 km / h), while just shows differences in indicators of demand physics when the opposing teams with different levels of performance faces, except in the distance walked (V = 01-11 km / h) with significant differences when higher level Maximum opponent is facing difficulty High difficulty (p < .01) or Medium difficulty (p <.01). Depending on the style of play differences are recognized in the total distance traveled in the party, at low speeds (V <17 km / h) and the number of Sprints (V> 24 km / h). Finally, the activity profile of EE is not influenced by the effect of being subjected to a high competitive density (play a game during the week). It is found as a player on a team of Excellence is subject not only to the requirements of the specific position but is also subject to the characteristics of the player to play the role or function entrusted tactics. This influence is most evident in advanced players who occupy specific positions. CONCLUSION: This research provides the characterization of the activity of EE players versus activity profile of its rivals, showing a level of response specific and different, more stable against certain contextual variables and where the physical demands on the specific position is conditioned by the individual characteristics of the player, all these aspects can help in planning training in this type of equipment.

Acute effects of endurance exercise on jumping and kicking performance in top-class young soccer players

The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of endurance exercise on jumping and kicking performance in young soccer players. Twenty-one top-class young soccer players (16.1±0.2 years) performed a countermovement jump test and a maximal instep soccer kick test before and after running for 20 min on a treadmill at 80% of their individual maximum heart rate. Two force platforms were used to obtain the following parameters during the countermovement jump: jump height, maximum power, maximum power relative to body mass, maximum vertical ground reaction force, maximum vertical ground reaction force relative to body mass, and maximum vertical ground reaction force applied to each leg. Maximum vertical ground reaction force and maximum vertical ground reaction force relative to body mass applied to the support leg during the kicks were also calculated with a force platform. The kicking motion was recorded using a three-dimensional motion-capture system. Maximum velocity of the ball, maximum linear velocity of the toe, ankle, knee and hip, and linear velocity of the toe at ball contact during the kicks were calculated. Non-significant differences were found in the parameters measured during the countermovement jump and the maximal instep soccer kick test before and after running, suggesting that the jumping and kicking performances of top-class young soccer players were not significantly affected after 20 min treadmill running at 80% of their individual maximum heart rate.

Kinematic and heart rate demands in 4x4 vs 7x7 small sided games in professional soccer players

Comparación de las variables cinemáticas y de frecuencia cardiaca en dos posesiones en fútbol

The spanish professional soccer foundations. (Las fundaciones clubes de futbol profesionales en España)

Sports foundations aiming at promoting sports activities partly outline the nonprofit area with specific concern. This study attempts to know the functions, general interests of professional soccer foundations in Spain, to describe their main characteristics and to ascertain if there are significant differences among them, according to their descriptive features. A document survey and analysis was carried out, with an assistance of own establishment of documental database. The findings not only indicate a significant difference between the classification of Spanish soccer foundations and their antiquities, but also manifest the tendency of the existence of physical person in members of founders with regard to its antiquity. The results of the present work implied that there were great dissimilarities of the elaboration of regulations depending on different regions in Spain.

On the Use of Situational and Body Information in Goalkeeper Actions during a Soccer Penalty Kick

Artículo Experimental

Evolution of session RPE and fatigue during a long term nutritional intervention in one professional basketball player

Some evidence shows that the rate of perceived exertion of one session (RPE-S) and fatigue (Fat) of athletes can be decreased by the intake of carbohydrates (HCO) during exercise. However, it is well known that professional athletes do not meet nutritional recommendations (NR) but a long term nutritional intervention (NI) can improve their dietary intake (DI). What is not known is whether these long-term changes in DI can influence RPE-S and Fat of training. Our aim was to conduct a long term NI to adapt the DI of one professional basketball player to current NR and evaluate the influence of these changes on long-term RPE and Fat.

Nutritional intervention program in elite athletes: single case design research with one professional basketball player

The American College of Sports Medicine argues that sports performance is improved with optimal nutrition (ACSM position stand, MSSE 2009, Mar; 41(3):709-31). However, scientific evidence shows that professional athletes do not achieve nutritional recommendations (Farajian et al, IJSNEM 2004 Oct; 14(5):574-85; Shroeder et al EJSS 2004 Jun 4 (2):1; Nogueira & Da Costa, IJSNEM 2004; 14:684-697) Objectives: a) describe the nutritional practices of one professional basketball player b) carry out a long term nutritional intervention to adapt his diet to current recommendations.

A review of risk factors for hamstring injury in soccer: a biomechanical approach

The aim has been to review the literature about the risk factors of hamstring injury in soccer from a biomechanical point of view. METHODOLOGY. Data bases of bibliography references were Medline, Scopus and SportDiscuss. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Many prospective studies have shown that the previous injury is the greatest risk factor of sustaining the injury. However the primary causes of the injury are unclear in soccer. A lack of hamstring flexibility has been one of the main injury risk factors with controversies on the results. Imbalance of isokinetic force is a risk factor but electrical coactivation of all muscles participating during knee flexion and extension are unknown in football. While the importance of lumbopelvic-hamstrings muscles synchronization during running seems to be crucial for understanding the risk of injury, no research has been developed in this topic in football. CONCLUSIONS. More research using new data recording procedures as Dynamic Scanners, Surface EMG, Inverse Dynamic Analysis are needed. The analysis of more specific movements as running, kicking or jumping is clearly required. Managers, coaches, physical trainers, physiotherapists, sport physicians and researchers should work together in order to improve the injury prevention and rehabilitation programs of football players. Key Words: sports biomechanics, soccer, hamstring injury, risk factors

Effect of hamstring injuries on kicking in soccer using inverse dynamics

Las lesiones musculares del muslo tienen una gran incidencia en el fútbol. El objetivo del estudio ha sido desarrollar un nuevo procedimiento para evaluar el efecto de las lesiones de isquiotibiales en los golpeos con el pie s en el fútbol utilizando los principios de la dinámica inversa. El trabajo se ha centrado en la evaluación de la diferencia entre sujetos que habían sufrido la lesión en los últimos 5 años y los que no. Se analizaron 17 jugadores de fútbol profesionales realizando cinco tiros con el empeine y cinco con el interior del pie. Los movimientos se registraron mediante una plataforma de fuerza y un sistema de captura de movimiento Vicon funcionando a 500Hz. Los participantes también tomaron parte en una prueba de isocinético en la que se midió el torque isocinético en 60 º/s y 120 º/s. Se observaron diferencias significativas en los parámetros cinemáticos y cinéticos entre los dos grupos (lesionados y no lesionados) en la fase posterior del golpeo y en el instante de máxima flexión de cadera. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en la prueba isocinética tradicional. Estos resultados indican que el procedimiento empleado probablemente podría ser muy útil en la evaluación del efecto de las lesiones de isquiotibiales en el fútbol.