Abstract interpretation with specialized definitions

The relationship between abstract interpretation and partial evaluation has received considerable attention and (partial) integrations have been proposed starting from both the partial evaluation and abstract interpretation perspectives. In this work we present what we argüe is the first generic algorithm for efñcient and precise integration of abstract interpretation and partial evaluation from an abstract interpretation perspective. Taking as starting point state-of-the-art algorithms for context-sensitive, polyvariant abstract interpretation and (abstract) partial evaluation of logic programs, we present an algorithm which combines the best of both worlds. Key ingredients include the accurate success propagation inherent to abstract interpretation and the powerful program transformations achievable by partial deduction. In our algorithm, the calis which appear in the analysis graph are not analyzed w.r.t. the original definition of the procedure but w.r.t. specialized definitions of these procedures. Such specialized definitions are obtained by applying both unfolding and abstract executability. Also, our framework is parametric w.r.t. different control strategies and abstract domains. Different combinations of these parameters correspond to existing algorithms for program analysis and specialization. Our approach efficiently computes strictly more precise results than those achievable by each of the individual techniques. The algorithm is one of the key components of CiaoPP, the analysis and specialization system of the Ciao compiler.

Dry sand as a specialized layer to improve the acoustic insulation between rooms one above another = La arena como capa intermedia especializada para la mejora del aislamiento acústico entre recintos superpuestos

Se comprueba la mejora en el aislamiento acústico entre recintos de la colocación de una capa de arean entre el solado y el forjado

A holistic experience in the integrated learning of specialized English and content in Engineering degrees

This paper aims to outline a theory-based Content and Language Integrated Learning course and to establish the rationale for adopting a holistic approach to the teaching of languages in tertiary education. Our work focuses on the interdependence between Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), in particular regarding the learning of English within the framework of Telecommunications Engineering. The study first analyses the diverse components of the instructional approach and the extent to which this approach interrelates with technologies within the context of what we have defined as a holistic experience, since it also aims to develop a set of generic competences or transferable skills. Second, an example of a course project framed in this holistic approach is described in order to exemplify the specific actions suggested for learner autonomy and CLIL. The approach provides both an adequate framework as well as the conditions needed to carry out a lifelong learning experience within our context, a Spanish School of Engineering. In addition to specialized language and content, the approach integrates the learning of skills and capacities required by the new plans that have been established following the Bologna Declaration in 1999.

Contribuciones para el tratamiento de aguas residuales con sistemas alternativos de bajo coste. Aplicaciones para el desarrollo en poblaciones reducidas y cooperación

Este trabajo se ha centrado en la búsqueda y análisis de técnicas de saneamiento y depuración que proporcionen soluciones a poblaciones pequeñas, que por su situación económica o de desarrollo, carecen de estos servicios básicos. Es bien conocido los problemas que genera la falta de acceso al saneamiento básico en contextos de subdesarrollo, agravado en numerosos casos, por los incrementos en la dotación de agua sin introducir las infraestructuras para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales. Esta situación incide directamente sobre la salud de las personas y del medioambiente. Afortunadamente existen Organismos Internacionales y Agencias de Desarrollo y de Medioambiente, que intervienen directamente en estos temas. Los problemas no sólo se presentan en los llamados países en vías de desarrollo, sino que se ha comprobado que también afecta a poblaciones pequeñas con escasos recursos, del mundo más desarrollado. Muchas han sido las técnicas utilizadas con gran éxito en programas de cooperación, pero algunas han fracasado por pérdida de funcionalidad, por errores de diseño, por rápido deterioro de los materiales, o simplemente por falta de adaptabilidad al terreno o no previsión de controles y mantenimiento. La solución a estos eventos pasa por la innovación tanto tecnológica como de gestión, sin olvidar la componente socioeconómica y cultural. Tomar conciencia de un buen diseño adaptado a las características del terreno y de la población, evitaría fracasos por colapso, por falta de mantenimiento, de financiación etc. Por otra parte, se considera necesaria la implementación de programas educativos que incluyan mejoras en los hábitos higiénicos y el conocimiento de las infraestructuras que permitan a la población de destino, adquirir una formación sobre las propias instalaciones, su uso, su mantenimiento y conservación. El desarrollo y mejora de las técnicas de saneamiento y depuración requiere una continuidad en las investigaciones que facilite la adaptación de las instalaciones ya existentes a las diferentes coyunturas que puedan presentarse, garantizando su funcionamiento a largo plazo. Las técnicas denominadas “no convencionales” se caracterizan por ser soluciones económicas y sostenibles, que en algunos casos, requieren poco mantenimiento e incluso éste puede realizarse por personal no especializado, esto es, por los propios usuarios del servicio. Concretamente en el presente trabajo se ha llevado a cabo una revisión general de las tipologías conocidas, tanto convencionales como no convencionales y de su posible aplicación en función de la población de destino, con especial incidencia en las poblaciones más desfavorecidas. Una vez realizada, se han seleccionado las técnicas de saneamiento y depuración no convencionales por el interés personal en las poblaciones con mayores dificultades socioeconómicas. Se han estudiado distintas situaciones en diferentes países y contextos Nicaragua, Ecuador, India y España. Es en esta última, donde se han tenido más facilidades para la obtención de datos y análisis de los mismos, concretamente de la instalación del municipio de Fabara en la provincia de Zaragoza, situado en el Bajo Aragón. ABSTRACT The focus of this project lies on the research and analysis of sanitation and waste water treatment techniques able to provide solutions to small settlements which lack such basic services out of economic or underdevelopment reasons. The problems generated by the absence of access to basic sanitation services in underdevelopment contexts are well known, and many cases can be found where increase of water provision doesn’t involve installation of waste water treatment infrastructures. This situation has a direct impact on people’s health and also on the environment. Fortunately, there are International Organizations and Development Agencies which act directly on these matters. These problems don’t only occur in so called developing countries, as it has been confirmed that small settlements with scarce resources in the more developed world can also be affected. Many techniques have been successfully used in cooperation programs, but also some of them have failed due to loss of functionality, design mistakes, rapid material deterioration, or simply site inadequacy or lack of control and maintenance precautions. The solution to these incidents requires technological as well as management innovation, regarding for all cases the socioeconomic and cultural factors. The awareness of a good design, adapted to the site and population characteristics, would prevent from failures due to collapse, lack of maintenance, funding, etc. Furthermore, the implementation of education programs for improving hygienic habits and for transmitting the understanding of the infrastructures is considered necessary for allowing the aimed population to gain proper knowledge on their own infrastructure, its use, maintenance and preservation. The improvement of sanitation and waste water treatment techniques requires a continuous process of investigation, in order to adapt the existing infrastructure to the different situations that may come up, being able to ensure its long-term functioning. The so called non conventional techniques are characterized by being economic and sustainable solutions, requiring in some cases low maintenance, conducted even by non specialized personnel, that is, by the users themselves. In the present project a general overview of the already developed typologies has been carried out, taking into account the conventional as well as the non conven tional techniques and their possible application according to the aimed population, regarding especially the most underprivileged settlements. Thereupon, out of interest for the settlements with most socioeconomic difficulties, the non conventional sanitation and waste water techniques have been selected. A variety of situations in different countries and contexts has been examined, specifically in Nicaragua, Ecuador, India and Spain. The latest has proven easier for data collection and analysis, focusing finally on the existing infrastructure in the village of Fabara, province of Zaragoza, in the Bajo Aragón.