Estudio de estabilidad de barreras de contención hidráulicas mediante tomografia eléctrica y placa de carga en Zaragoza

El objetivo del presente proyecto es definir las actuaciones encaminadas a restaurar el sistema actual de defensa del río Ebro en el tramo Pradilla de Ebro- Boquiñeni (Zaragoza), con el propósito de reducir el riesgo por inundaciones en los núcleos de población del mismo nombre, para lo que se ha realizado una campaña de reconocimiento del Terreno mediante técnicas geofísicas. La campaña de prospección ha consistido en la realización de perfiles de tomografía eléctrica para determinar la distribución de los niveles geoeléctricos en la zona obteniéndose la profundidad y variabilidad del nivel freático y la distribución aparente de los niveles biológicos. En base a las anomalías detectadas en las secciones de resistividad se han llevado a cabo ensayos in situ con placa de carga dinámica con el fin de determinar las características portantes de las barreras. La correlación de ambos estudios permite localizar las zonas de debilidad estructural para así poder establecer las recomendaciones oportunas de cara a restaurar los diques de protección, de forma que puedan cumplir con su función de contención frente a los caudales de crecida. ABSTRACT The aim of this project is so define the interventions required to restore the current defense system of Ebro River in the stretch between Pradilla de Ebro and Boquiñeni (Zaragoza), in order to reduce flood risk in the population centers of the same name, for what a soil survey has been done using geophysical techniques. The geophysical prospecting campaign has consisted on the realization of electrical tomography profiles to determine the distribution of due geoelectric levels in the area, the depth and variability of the water table and the distribution of apparent lithology level. Based on anomalies detected in resistivity sections, dynamic loading plate test were carried out in situ in order to determine the load bearing characteristics of the safety barriers. The correlation o f both studies makes possible to locate die areas o f structural weakness, with the objective of establishing appropriate recommendations to restore the embankments so that they can meet their retaining functions against flood flows.

El régimen de humedad de los suelos de la España peninsular

El objeto de la Tesis es el régimen de humedad de los suelos de la España Peninsular, cuya determinación a partir de datos climáticos se ha realizado de acuerdo con la metodología incluida en la taxonomía norteamericana de suelos (Soil Survey StafF 1975, 1994). Esta metodología presenta algunas indefiniciones, que se pretenden solventar. La investigación ha consistido en la clasificación de los regímenes de humedad del suelo de la España Peninsular y su representación cartográfica. Se han considerado varios métodos de determinación de la evapotranspiración y varios modelos de estimación del régimen de humedad. La clasificación numérica de los regímenes de 467 localidades ha permitido su agrupamiento en clases y su subdivisión natural. El contraste de esta información con la aportada por la cartografía de series de vegetación, mediante un sistema de información geográfica tipo reticular, ha servido para afinar los mapas. El resultado revela que un modelo modificado sirve para subsanar las indefiniciones y posibilita la adaptación de los grupos a las condiciones naturales. SUMMARY The soil moisture regime defined by the Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey StafF, 1975, 1994) has been determined by Newhall's simulation model from climatic data. This classification presents some diffículties as gaps and overlaps in the definitions, that we have tried to solve. The soil moisture regimes have been determined by different methods and the results have been classified and mapped. We have compared differents methods of evapotranspiration estimation. A simple modification of Newhall's model matchs better the natural conditions of Spain when comparing with the potential vegatation. A ráster geographical information system has been used to overlay the information layers. As result of the numerical classification of soil moistures regimes of 467 sites, the regimes have been grouped in classes adapted to the natural conditions of Spain. We have compared the results with the potential vegetation map in order to tune the soil moisture regime boundaries. We propose a new soil moisture regimes classification divided in two categories. This classification is adapted to Spanish natural conditions.

Gas monitoring methodology and application to CCS projects as defined by atmospheric and remote sensing survey in the natural analogue of Campo de Calatrava

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) projects are presently developed to reduce the emission of anthropogenic CO2 into the atmosphere. CCS technologies are expected to account for the 20% of the CO2 reduction by 2050. Geophysical, ground deformation and geochemical monitoring have been carried out to detect potential leakage, and, in the event that this occurs, identify and quantify it. This monitoring needs to be developed prior, during and after the injection stage. For a correct interpretation and quantification of the leakage, it is essential to establish a pre-injection characterization (baseline) of the area affected by the CO2 storage at reservoir level as well as at shallow depth, surface and atmosphere, via soil gas measurements. Therefore, the methodological approach is important because it can affect the spatial and temporal variability of this flux and even jeopardize the total value of CO2 in a given area. In this sense, measurements of CO2 flux were done using portable infrared analyzers (i.e., accumulation chambers) adapted to monitoring the geological storage of CO2, and other measurements of trace gases, e.g. radon isotopes and remote sensing imagery were tested in the natural analogue of Campo de Calatrava (Ciudad Real, Spain) with the aim to apply in CO2 leakage detection; thus, observing a high correlation between CO2 and radon (r=0,858) and detecting some vegetation indices that may be successfully applied for the leakage detection.