Mejora del autocuidado de pacientes diabéticos en zonas rurales de Panamá a través de tecnologías tic

Durante años, los países de América Latina y en especial Panamá han sufrido grandes cambios sociales, demográficos y epidemiológicos que han provocado un crecimiento de la incidencia y prevalencia de varias enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como: las cardiopatías, el cáncer y la diabetes. Actualmente, la suma de estas afecciones causa la mayoría de las muertes y discapacidades en la región. Las necesidades de salud varían de un país a otro, inclusive en el interior de un mismo país o de una misma región debido a factores demográficos, socioculturales, económicos y políticos propios de la región, lo cual favorece la desigualdad en el acceso a los servicios de salud. Este hecho pone de manifiesto un aspecto importante de esta tesis de doctorado, que es facilitar el autocuidado de los pacientes diabéticos en tres zonas rurales de Panamá, contribuyendo de esta manera a la planeación e implantación de nuevos servicios TIC en salud para los pacientes diabéticos de tres zonas rurales de Panamá. El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es desarrollar una contextualización del paciente diabético en zonas rurales de Panamá y modelar su autocuidado mediante el uso de las TIC. A través del modelo se busca mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y propiciar estados de equidad en salud. Se continúa con la implementación del modelo en tres zonas rurales diferentes de Panamá. Se concluye con una fase de validación en la que se demuestra que el enfermo de diabetes aumenta la conciencia de la importancia de su tratamiento mejorando su estado de salud y su calidad de vida. La demostración clínica de este resultado está fuera del ámbito de la tesis doctoral. Abstract Through the years, countries of Latin America, Panama in particular have endured great social, demographic and epidemiologic changes, which in turn caused an increase in the occurrence and prevalence of chronic non transmissible diseases, such as: cardiopathy, cancer and diabetes. The sum of these afflictions causes most of the deaths and disabilities in the region nowadays. The healthcare needs vary from one country to another, furthermore the healthcare needs are different from one rural area to another in a given country or region, due demographic, sociocultural, economic and political factors, this favors the inequality in access to health care services. This facts shows one important aspect of this Ph. D. thesis, which is to facilitate the self-care of diabetic patients in three rural areas of Panama, contributing to the planning and implementation of new ICT services in healthcare for diabetic patients in rural areas of Panama. The primary goal of this Ph.D thesis is to develop a contextualization of the diabetic patient in country side of Panama and to model its self-care by means of the use of the ICT. Through model one looks for to improve the quality of life of the patients and to cause states of fairness in health. It continues with the implementation of ICT through a conceptualized model in three different rural areas of Panama. It concludes with a validation phase which shows how the awareness of the diabetes patient increases, about the importance of his/her treatment for the improvement of health and quality of life. The clinic demonstration of this result is not part of this thesis.

A Porposal: "Agro-ERASMUS"

The rural population is getting smaller as percentage of the total population in the countries. There is a constant depopulation of rural areas to urban areas. The most extreme data are in countries like USA, where the rural population is 1.5%, from which 1% of that amount is part time and only 0.5% full time. On the other side, we have countries with more than 50% rural population. Related to training, cultural development, business and specific weight in society, rural residents have no significance in their societies. As they are few, and separated across the territory they have no influence on their societies. Comparing the USA farmer with one from the EU, we see that the American one is a businessperson and the European one, in most cases is a farm worker. To reduce this gap between these different farmers, we believe that we must train the new generations of children belonging to farming Europe. They must have a common language, English; they must know other countries culture and farming systems, live and network with other young Europeans colleagues,future young farmers. It is what we have coined as AGRO-ERASMUS. A project to be placed within the EU Common Agriculture Policies. The project must be designed before its implementation. Even some previous experience should make better viability. It should make use of a network of agricultural universities in several European countries. Each university would build a "farm school" where young people would learn "English?, and visit and work in small agricultural practices with a correct use of the time. One important subject dealing with should be agribusiness. The procedure based on the ?Farm School? (F-S) experience, should start with young people from 13 years up to 18 years. Their attendance, every summer, to the F-S should be rotated between different countries besides their own. The first and second year, with young people 13/14 years old, the Farm School would last less than three weeks in an English speaking country (Ireland, UK or someone else). They should live with a local family the time they stay outside of the Farm School (F-S). This two years period must be devoted to learn and become familiar with the English language and cultural differences. The rest of the four years left, the Farm Schools will have longer duration and be placed in other countries from the network. The living way would be in multinational teams of young people where the only spoken language would be English. After six years of summer oexistence speaking English and learning new competences and skills with colleagues from other countries, we would have a great team of young and future European farmers, able to travel free and confident through the whole Europe and ready to be engaged in productive, commercial and research activities. These new young farmers may revive European agriculture and would not look any more like rural habitants, but international business-farmers, professionally speaking. In a brief survey among the assistants to the Fifth International Academic Conference titled "Alternative Income Sources in Small Agricultural Holdings of the European Union" held in Krakow (PL) in June 2015, participants from universities and countries like Poland, Hungary, Rep. Czech, Portugal, Romania, etc., expressed the necessity of addressing this problem in a new and bold way.

Project management competence analysis in rural communities through territorial representation: application to Aymara women communities in Puno (Peru)

The acquisition of technical, contextual and behavioral competences is a prerequisite for sustainable development and strengthening of rural communities. Territorial display of the status of these skills helps to design the necessary learning, so its inclusion in planning processes is useful for decision making. The article discusses the application of visual representation of competences in a rural development project with Aymara women communities in Peru. The results show an improvement of transparency and dialogue, resulting in a more successful project management and strengthening of social organization.

A study of four listed micro finance institutions

Compared to the size of the microfinance market, the number of Microfinance Institutions that are professionally ran like commercial banks is still scarce, and even more scarce are the MFI listed in public stock exchanges. This document focuses on four listed MFIs and reviews its business model and funding sources. The document also analyses the market price evolution of the listed shares and investigates whether investors are assigning a premium to the MFIs compared with its respective market indices. Keywords: Microfinance institutions, Micro-credits, Financial Institutions, Equity; Stock Exchange.

International for-profit investiments in microfinance institutions equity

In recent years international investors are increasing the focus on the social consequences of their investments along with its financial returns. The microfinance sector, considered as an asset class is a relatively young concept but the microfinance industry is experiencing a tremendous growth and has a high potential for the future. Today most social responsible investments in microfinance are performed through loans or fixed income structured finance vehicles. The possibilities to invest in the equity tranche of the industry are still scarce since the number of listed microfinance institutions is reduced and the private equity investments are limited and difficult to reach for the majority of investors. In this document we present a study on the characteristics of the MFIs and we try to shed some light on this subsector of the equity assets universe that may become important in the coming future. Keywords: Microfinance institutions, Micro-credits, Financial Institutions, Equity; Stock Exchange

A gaze to rural education according to scientific discourses during the last decade

He largest proportion of illiteracy and lack of access to education in the world is concentrated in rural areas; therefore it is important to ensure there is access to quality education in these spots. This challenge is assumed by different branches of social research and it is reflected within the publication of articles in scientific journals. In the present document the scientific discourse surrounding the theme of rural education during the last decade was analyzed. To do this, the paper focuses on three aspects: the countries that set the agenda, the geographical areas that represent most of the attention and the prevalent themes within continents. It was observed that USA was the most productive country in terms of scientific writings with 30%; that Asia is really interested in health issues associated to rural education; that in Europe gender issues are on the table and that the African and Asian continents, as well as Latin America, are interested only on their own issues, as 100% of the times they only wrote about themselves.