Effect of row orientation on soil water content and vine water status on a Cabernet franc vineyard in Madrid, spain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of row orien¬tation on vine and soil water status in an irrigated vineyard. The trial was developed during 2006, 2007 and 2008, in the South East region of Madrid (Spain) on 5-year old Cabernet franc grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted onto 140Ru. Plant spacing was 2.5 m x 1.5 m and vines were trained to a VSP. Four orientations were stu¬died: North-South (N-S), East-West (E-W), Northeast-Southwest (N+45) and North-South +20o (N+20). Irrigation (0.4•ET0) started when shoot growth stopped. Soil water availability was measured using a TDR technique with forty buried probes. Row orientation did not have any effect on water consumption in the vineyard. At maturity, leaf water potential was measured at predawn, early mor¬ning, midday and 14:00 solar time, on both canopy sides - sun and shade – ; the early morning measurement was the one that better differentiated treatments. Leaf water potential was a good indica¬tor of plant water status. Differences between (N-S and E-W) and (N+20 and N+45) treatments were obtained both on sun and shade canopy sides, N+20 and N+45 having lower leaf water potentials then drier leaves. The water stress integral shows that N-S and E-W reach the end of maturation with a greater level of hydration than N+45 and N+20. As a whole, N+45 and N+20 orientations, without affecting too much the soil available water content, induce regularly more water stress to the vine at some periods, probably due to an higher sunlight interception in early morning which makes water limitation for the vine more early and thus more severe during the day.

A regular perturbation approach to surface tension driven flows

Surface tension induced convection in a liquid bridge held between two parallel, coaxial, solid disks is considered. The surface tension gradient is produced by a small temperature gradient parallel Co the undisturbed surface. The study is performed by using a mathematical regular perturbation approach based on a small parameter, e, which measures the deviation of the imposed temperature field from its mean value. The first order velocity field is given by a Stokes-type problem (viscous terms are dominant) with relatively simple boundary conditions. The first order temperature field is that imposed from the end disks on a liquid bridge immersed in a non-conductive fluid. Radiative effects are supposed to be negligible. The second order temperature field, which accounts for convective effects, is split into three components, one due to the bulk motion, and the other two to the distortion of the free surface. The relative importance of these components in terms of the heat transfer to or from the end disks is assessed

El ejercicio físico regular disminuye los niveles de depresión durante el embarazo. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado

El ejercicio físico regular disminuye los niveles de depresión durante el embarazo. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado

Tempranillo vine & wine.

La variedad Tempranillo es originaria de la zona limítrofe entre La Rioja y Burgos, se ha extendido siguiendo la ruta de los monasterios Cirtescienses por toda España, llegando así a Madrid, Valdepeñas, Cataluña, Extremadura y toda la ribera del río Duero, donde se ha extendido desde su nacimiento hasta Portugal. •La variedad Tempranillo es la variedad por excelencia dedicada en España a la producción de vinos de crianza y reserva. Actualmente es importante además de en España en Portugal y Argentina, y se esta empezando a cultivar en Australia, México y California para intentar imitar los grandes vinos de Rioja y Ribera de Duero que son los que dan más fama a esta variedad.

Numerical and experimental study of the parametric rolling of a fisihing vessel in regular head waves

The dynamic behaviour of a fishing vessel in waves is studied in order to reveal its parametric rolling characteristics. This paper presents experimental and numerical results in longitudinal regular waves. The experimental results are compared against the results of a time-domain non-linear strip theory model of ship motions in six degrees-of-freedom. These results contribute to the validation of the parametric rolling prediction method, so that it can be used as an assessment tool to evaluate both the susceptibility and severity of occurrence of parametric rolling at the early design stage of these types of vessels.

Surface fitting in geomorphology - examples for regular-shaped volcanic landforms

In nature, several types of landforms have simple shapes: as they evolve they tend to take on an ideal, simple geometric form such as a cone, an ellipsoid or a paraboloid. Volcanic landforms are possibly the best examples of this ?ideal? geometry, since they develop as regular surface features due to the point-like (circular) or fissure-like (linear) manifestation of volcanic activity. In this paper, we present a geomorphometric method of fitting the ?ideal? surface onto the real surface of regular-shaped volcanoes through a number of case studies (Mt. Mayon, Mt. Somma, Mt. Semeru, and Mt. Cameroon). Volcanoes with circular, as well as elliptical, symmetry are addressed. For the best surface fit, we use the minimization library MINUIT which is made freely available by the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). This library enables us to handle all the available surface data (every point of the digital elevation model) in a one-step, half-automated way regardless of the size of the dataset, and to consider simultaneously all the relevant parameters of the selected problem, such as the position of the center of the edifice, apex height, and cone slope, thanks to the highly performing adopted procedure. Fitting the geometric surface, along with calculating the related error, demonstrates the twofold advantage of the method. Firstly, we can determine quantitatively to what extent a given volcanic landform is regular, i.e. how much it follows an expected regular shape. Deviations from the ideal shape due to degradation (e.g. sector collapse and normal erosion) can be used in erosion rate calculations. Secondly, if we have a degraded volcanic landform, whose geometry is not clear, this method of surface fitting reconstructs the original shape with the maximum precision. Obviously, in addition to volcanic landforms, this method is also capable of constraining the shapes of other regular surface features such as aeolian, glacial or periglacial landforms.

Desarrollo de un sistema de control por DSP para regular generadores sincronos de imanes permanentes

En el siguiente proyecto se va a llevar a cabo la simulación en la plataforma Matlb Simulink de una maquina síncrona de imanes permanentes (MSIP) en su funcionamiento como generador, emulando un aerogenerador con tecnología SGFC. El generador tendrá como variable de consigna la velocidad de giro del eje y se ajustara el sistema de control para que sea capaz de seguir la señal de consigna ante cambios bruscos del par. Posteriormente se va a detallar y construir todos los elementos que se consideren necesarios para, en proyectos futuros, llevar a la práctica en una maquina real este sistema de control ABSTRACT The object of this Project is to carry a simulation in Matlab Simulink of a synchronous permanent magnets machine (MSIP) in its operation as a generator, emulating a wind turbine technology SGFC. The variable setpoint will be the rotational speed of the shaft, the control system will fit so that it is capable of following the setpoint signal before sudden changes of the pair. Afterward the elements considered necessary for to put into practice this control system in a real machine will be detailed.