Recuperación ambiental de la playa de Zahora

El proyecto tiene por objeto el estudio detallado de la dinámica litoral en la unidad costera en la que se enmarca la zona de interés, limitada septentrionalmente por la desembocadura del Río Salado y por el Cabo de Trafalgar al Sur, con el fin de poder diseñar una suficiente y adecuada aportación de arenas para conseguir la regeneración y recuperación ambiental de la Playa de Zahora, que ha venido sufriendo episodios erosivos en los últimos años. La configuración del tramo de costa gaditano al Sur de Conil (tramo en el que se ubica la zona de estudio) ha sido trazada en sus líneas generales por la actividad tectónica reciente. La línea de costa corre hacia el Sur en un zig-zag que va formando líneas paralelas a las dos direcciones principales de fractura de la zona. Los bloques individualizados por el sistema de fallas han sufrido una serie compleja de movimientos diferenciales de elevación, hundimiento y basculamiento debido a los movimientos diferenciales de las placas euroasiática y africana. Los procesos sedimentarios cuaternarios así como la acción erosiva de los agentes marinos, han ido rellenando entrantes y suavizando salientes, pero a pesar de esto, la forma de la línea de costa aún constituye un reflejo de la tectónica, así que puede decirse que el tramo de costa gaditana comprendido entre Conil y Tarifa, está ligado fundamentalmente a fenómenos tectónicos, jugando la dinámica sedimentaria un papel más secundario en la configuración general del litoral. La Playa de Zahora, lejos de ser estable, ha ido sufriendo erosiones continuadas ocasionando retrocesos anuales de orden métrico, habiendo sido necesario efectuar aportaciones esporádicas de arena a lo largo de los años con objeto de paliar su deterioro. El proyecto plantea unas actuaciones tendentes a la regeneración de esta playa, satisfaciendo la demanda existente. Las actuaciones proyectadas suponen la aportación de material sedimentario procedente del yacimiento existente en El Placer de Meca, a profundidades comprendidas entre 15 m y 20 m. El yacimiento se conforma como una gran duna submarina, situada a unos 6 km del frente costero. Asimismo se contemplan, junto con dicha aportación, otras dos alternativas, consistentes en la construcción de un espigón curvo para la contención de dichas arenas y, por otro lado, la construcción de un dique exento paralelo a la costa.

Continuous multi-criteria methods for crop and soil conservation planning on La Colacha (Río Cuarto, Province of Cordoba, Argentina)

Agro-areas of Arroyos Menores (La Colacha) west and south of Rand south of R?o Cuarto (Prov. of Cordoba, Argentina) basins are very fertile but have high soil loses. Extreme rain events, inundations and other severe erosions forming gullies demand urgently actions in this area to avoid soil degradation and erosion supporting good levels of agro production. The authors first improved hydrologic data on La Colacha, evaluated the systems of soil uses and actions that could be recommended considering the relevant aspects of the study area and applied decision support systems (DSS) with mathematic tools for planning of defences and uses of soils in these areas. These were conducted here using multi-criteria models, in multi-criteria decision making (MCDM); first of discrete MCDM to chose among global types of use of soils, and then of continuous MCDM to evaluate and optimize combined actions, including repartition of soil use and the necessary levels of works for soil conservation and for hydraulic management to conserve against erosion these basins. Relatively global solutions for La Colacha area have been defined and were optimised by Linear Programming in Goal Programming forms that are presented as Weighted or Lexicographic Goal Programming and as Compromise Programming. The decision methods used are described, indicating algorithms used, and examples for some representative scenarios on La Colacha area are given.

Biomass and essential oil yields of cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.) grown in the irrigation area of Río Dulce, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.

The aim of this study is to determine the yield and composition of the essential oil of cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.) grown in the irrigation area of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Field tests were carried out under irrigation conditions, harvesting when 70% flowering was reached (in the summer and at the end of the winter seasons). Essential oil yields were 2% in the first cut and 1.6% in the second cut, respectively, the major constituents of the essential oil being menthol, menthone, isomenthone and menthofuran. In both cases, a high concentration of menthol was obtained, although during the winter the content decreased, increasing the concentration of menthofuran. It is concluded that during the summer a higher yield and better quality of essential oil are produced.

Discrete Multi-Criteria Methods for lands use and conservation planning on La Colacha in Arroyos Menores (Río Cuarto, Province of Córdoba, Argentina)

The study area is La Colacha sub-basins from Arroyos Menores basins, natural areas at West and South of Río Cuarto in Province of Córdoba of Argentina, fertile with loess soils and monsoon temperate climate, but with soil erosions including regressive gullies that degrade them progressively. Cultivated gently since some hundred sixty years, coordinated action planning became necessary to conserve lands while keeping good agro-production. The authors had improved data on soils and on hydrology for the study area, evaluated systems of soil uses and actions to be recommended and applied Decision Support Systems (DSS) tools for that, and were conducted to use discrete multi-criteria models (MCDM) for the more global views about soil conservation and hydraulic management actions and about main types of use of soils. For that they used weighted PROMETHEE, ELECTRE, and AHP methods with a system of criteria grouped as environmental, economic and social, and criteria from their data on effects of criteria. The alternatives resulting offer indication for planning depending somehow on sub basins and on selections of weights, but actions for conservation of soils and water management measures are recommended to conserve the basins conditions, actually sensibly degrading, mainly keeping actual uses of the lands.