Análisis de métodos de parametrización y clasificación para la simulación de un sistema de evaluación perceptual del grado de afección en voces patológicas

Los procedimientos de evaluación de la calidad de la voz basados en la valoración subjetiva a través de la percepción acústica por parte de un experto están bastante extendidos. Entre ellos,el protocolo GRBAS es el más comúnmente utilizado en la rutina clínica. Sin embargo existen varios problemas derivados de este tipo de estimaciones, el primero de los cuales es que se precisa de profesionales debidamente entrenados para su realización. Otro inconveniente reside en el hecho de que,al tratarse de una valoración subjetiva, múltiples circunstancias significativas influyen en la decisión final del evaluador, existiendo en muchos casos una variabilidad inter-evaluador e intra-evaluador en los juicios. Por estas razones se hace necesario el uso de parámetros objetivos que permitan realizar una valoración de la calidad de la voz y la detección de diversas patologías. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar la efectividad de diversas técnicas de cálculo de parámetros representativos de la voz para su uso en la clasificación automática de escalas perceptuales. Algunos parámetros analizados serán los coeficientes Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCC),las medidas de complejidad y las de ruido.Así mismo se introducirá un nuevo conjunto de características extraídas del Espectro de Modulación (EM) denominadas Centroides del Espectro de Modulación (CEM).En concreto se analizará el proceso de detección automática de dos de los cinco rasgos que componen la escala GRBAS: G y R. A lo largo de este documento se muestra cómo las características CEM proporcionan resultados similares a los de otras técnicas anteriormente utilizadas y propician en algún caso un incremento en la efectividad de la clasificación cuando son combinados con otros parámetros.

Dynamic gamma frequency feedback coupling between higher and lower order visual cortices underlies perceptual completion in humans

To perceive a coherent environment, incomplete or overlapping visual forms must be integrated into meaningful coherent percepts, a process referred to as ?Gestalt? formation or perceptual completion. Increasing evidence suggests that this process engages oscillatory neuronal activity in a distributed neuronal assembly. A separate line of evidence suggests that Gestalt formation requires top-down feedback from higher order brain regions to early visual cortex. Here we combine magnetoencephalography (MEG) and effective connectivity analysis in the frequency domain to specifically address the effective coupling between sources of oscillatory brain activity during Gestalt formation. We demonstrate that perceptual completion of two-tone ?Mooney? faces induces increased gamma frequency band power (55?71 Hz) in human early visual, fusiform and parietal cortices. Within this distributed neuronal assembly fusiform and parietal gamma oscillators are coupled by forward and backward connectivity during Mooney face perception, indicating reciprocal influences of gamma activity between these higher order visual brain regions. Critically, gamma band oscillations in early visual cortex are modulated by top-down feedback connectivity from both fusiform and parietal cortices. Thus, we provide a mechanistic account of Gestalt perception in which gamma oscillations in feature sensitive and spatial attention-relevant brain regions reciprocally drive one another and convey global stimulus aspects to local processing units at low levels of the sensory hierarchy by top-down feedback. Our data therefore support the notion of inverse hierarchical processing within the visual system underlying awareness of coherent percepts.

Depth perceptual video coding for free viewpoint video based on H.264/AVC

A novel scheme for depth sequences compression, based on a perceptual coding algorithm, is proposed. A depth sequence describes the object position in the 3D scene, and is used, in Free Viewpoint Video, for the generation of synthetic video sequences. In perceptual video coding the human visual system characteristics are exploited to improve the compression efficiency. As depth sequences are never shown, the perceptual video coding, assessed over them, is not effective. The proposed algorithm is based on a novel perceptual rate distortion optimization process, assessed over the perceptual distortion of the rendered views generated through the encoded depth sequences. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method, able to obtain a very considerable improvement of the rendered view perceptual quality.

Origin of the gases released from the Acqua Passante and Ermeta wells (Mt. Amiata, central Italy) and possible environmental implications for their closure

The Mt. Amiata volcano (Tuscany, central Italy) hosts the second largest geothermal field of Italy. Its SW and NE sectors are characterized by the presence of several CO2-rich (mayor que95% by vol.) gas discharges. An intense Hg mining activity had taken place from the 19th century up to the end of the ?70s, particularly close to Abbadia San Salvatore, during which two drillings (Acqua Passante and Ermeta) intercepted a CO2-rich gas fertile horizon. The related gases are emitted in the atmosphere since 1938 and 1959, respectively, causing severe concerns for the local air quality. In this work the results of a geochemical and isotopic survey carried out on these gas emissions from March 2009 to January 2014 are presented. CO2 fluxes from both the two wells and soil from an area of about 653,500 m2 located between them were measured. The two wells are emitting up to 15,000, 92 and 8 tons y-1 of CO2, CH4 and H2S, respectively, while the computed soil CO2 output was estimated at 4,311 ton y-1. The spatial distribution of the CO2 soil flux suggests the presence of preferential patterns, indicating sites of higher permeability. Since the local municipality is evaluating the possibility to plug the Ermeta vent, a temporarily closure should first be carried out to test the possible influence of this operation on the diffuse soil degassing of deep-originated CO2 in the surrounding area. This implies that diffuse soil gases should carefully be monitored before proceeding with its definitive closure.

Perceptual distortion modeling for side-by-side 3D video delivery

A frame-level distortion model based on perceptual features of the human visual system is proposed to improve the performance of unequal error protection strategies and provide better quality of experience to users in Side-by-Side 3D video delivery systems.

Modeling of GRBAS perceptual evaluation using spectral features obtained from an auditory-based filterbank.

Perceptual voice evaluation according to the GRBAS scale is modelled using a linear combination of acoustic parameters calculated after a filter-bank analysis of the recorded voice signals. Modelling results indicate that for breathiness and asthenia more than 55% of the variance of perceptual rates can be explained by such a model, with only 4 latent variables. Moreover, the greatest part of the explained variance can be attributed to only one or two latent variables similarly weighted by all 5 listeners involved in the experiment. Correlation factors between actual rates and model predictions around 0.6 are obtained.