Environmental risk assessment in open pit blasting operations: compliance with ISO 31010:2010

All activities of an organization involve risks that should be managed. The risk management process aids decision making by taking account of uncertainty and the possibility of future events or circumstances (intended or unintended) and their effects on agreed objectives. With that idea, new ISO Standard has been drawn up. ISO 31010 has been recently issued which provides a structured process that identifies how objectives may be affected, and analyses the risk in term of consequences and their probabilities before deciding on whether further treatment is required. In this lecture, that ISO Standard has been adapted to Open Pit Blasting Operations, focusing in Environmental effects which can be managed properly. Technique used is Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), which is applied in all possible scenarios, providing to Blasting Professionals the tools to identify, analyze and manage environmental effects in blasting operations. Also this lecture can help to minimize each effect, studying each case. This paper also can be useful to Project Managers and Occupational Health and Safety Departments (OH&S) because blasting operations can be evaluated and compared one to each other to determine the risks that should be managed in different case studies. The environmental effects studied are: ground vibrations, flyrock and air overpressure (airblast). Sometimes, blasting operations are carried out near populated areas where environmental effects may impose several limitations on the use of explosives. In those cases, where these factors approach certain limits, National Standards and Regulations have to be applied.

On loader productivity, rock strength and explosive energy in metal mining

Twenty production blasts in two open pit mines were monitored, in rocks with medium to very high strength. Three different blasting agents (ANFO, watergel and emulsion blend) were used, with powder factors ranging between 0.88 and 1.45 kg/m3. Excavators were front loaders and rope shovels. Mechanical properties of the rock, blasting characteristics and mucking rates were carefully measured. A model for the calculation of the productivity of excavators is developed thereof, in which the production rate results as a product of an ideal, maximum, productivity rate times an operating efficiency. The maximum rate is a function of the dipper capacity and the efficiency is a function of rock density, strength, and explosive energy concentration in the rock. The model is statistically significant and explains up to 92 % of the variance of the production rate measurements.

La productividad en la carga, la resistencia de la roca y la energía del explosivo

Twenty production blasts in two open pit mines were monitored, in rocks with medium to very high strength. Three different blasting agents (ANFO, watergel and emulsion blend) were used, with powder factors ranging between 0.88 and 1.45 kg/m3 . Excavators were front loaders and rope shovels. Mechanical properties of the rock, blasting characteristics and mucking rates were carefully measured. A model for the calculation of the productivity of excavators is developed thereof, in which the production rate results as a product of an ideal, maximum, productivity rate times an operating efficiency. The maximum rate is a function of the dipper capacity and the efficiency is a function of rock density, strength, and explosive energy concentration in the rock. The model is statistically significant and explains up to 92 % of the variance of the production rate measurements. RESUMEN Se han analizado veinte voladuras de producción en dos minas a cielo abierto, en rocas con resistencia entre media y muy alta. Se usaron tres agentes de voladura diferentes (ANFO, hidrogel y emulsión mezcla), con consumos específicos entre 0.88 y 1.45 kg/m3 . Las excavadoras eran cargadoras frontales y palas de cables. Se midió cuidadosamente las propiedades de la roca, las características de las voladuras y las velocidades de carga, a partir de las cuales se desarrolla un modelo para el cálculo de la productividad de las excavadoras en el que ésta es función de una productividad máxima o ideal multiplicada por una eficacia operativa. La producción máxima es función de la capacidad del cazo y la eficiencia es función de la densidad y resistencia de la roca, y de la concentración energética del explosivo en la roca. El modelo tiene significación estadística y explica un 92 % de la varianza de las medidas de velocidad.

Proyecto básico de explotación de un yacimiento precámbrico de fosfato

El proyecto se centra en la caracterización, evaluación, diseño de la explotación y tratamiento de un yacimiento de fosfato precámbrico cristalizado. Este se desarrolla a partir de los datos obtenidos de la prospección minera del mismo realizada anteriormente. Esto condujo a la evaluación mediante modelo de bloques y el diseño de explotación por el método de cielo abierto. El diseño de la planta de tratamiento se basó en estudios mineralúrgicos y de recuperación, incluyendo el cálculo del relleno de las cámaras con pasta y el vertido de estériles necesario. Completado con el plan de restauración cierre y abandono de la explotación. ABSTRACT The project focuses on the characterization, evaluation, design of mining operation and processing plant of precambrian phosphate deposit. This is developed from data obtained from the mineral exploration undertaken previously. This led to the evaluation by the block model designing and operating by open pit method. The design of the treatment plant was based on mineralurgy studies and mineral recovery, including the calculation of filled labors with pasta and sterile deposit necessary. Completed with the restoration, close and abandonment plan of the mine.