In vitro evaluation of commercial fibrolytic enzymes for improving the nutritive value of low-quality forages.

The aim of this work was to assess the effects of four doses of three commercial fibrolytic enzymes on ruminal fermentation of rice straw, maize stover and Pennisetum purpureum clon Cuba CT115 hay in batch cultures of ruminal micro-organisms from sheep. One enzyme was produced by Penicillium funiculosum (PEN) and two were from Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TL1 and TL2). Each liquid enzyme was diluted 200 (D1), 100 (D2), 50 (D3) and 10 (D4) - fold and applied to each substrate in quadruplicate over time and incubated for 120 h in rumen fluid. The D4 dose of each enzyme increased (P<0.05) the fractional rate of gas production and organic matter effective degradability for all substrates, and TL2 had similar effects when applied at D3. In 9 h incubations, PEN at D4, TL1 at all tested doses, and TL2 at D2, D3 and D4 increased (P<0.05) volatile fatty acid production and dry matter degradability for all substrates. The commercial enzymes tested were effective at increasing in vitro ruminal fermentation of low-quality forages, although effective doses varied with the enzyme.

Dispositivos contemporáneos ante el reto del neomadismo

Cuatro dispositivos. Cuatro golpes de vista deteniéndonos sobre aspectos de la realidad contemporánea en los que juzgamos pertinente reparar. Usuarios transeúntes a través de los locutorios[D1], entornos dinámicos mediante la sucesión ecológica[D2], sistema de gestión de la propiedad obsoleto ante la realidad de flujos económicojurídicos[D3] y estructuras topológicas electromagnéticas que permiten desplazarnos con unos mínimos comunes[D4]. Modelos transdisciplinares muy directos elegidos por su efectividad ante la inestabilidad, arquetipos de los que tendremos que transferir claves a nuestra disciplina. ABSTRACT. Four devices. Four glances stopping on aspects of the contemporary reality in which we judge relevant to look at. Transient users across the phone booths[D1], dynamic environments through the ecological succession[D2], obsolete property management system facing the reality of financial and law flows[D3] and topological electromagnetic structures that allow our displacements with a few common minimums[D4]. Very direct transdisciplinary models chosen by their efficiency with the instability, archetypes from which we will have to transfer keys to our discipline