On the specification and testing of inverters for stand-alone PV systems

Inverter features are reviewed from a PV systems perspective, with a view to contributing to possible codes, procurement specifications and testing procedures, in order to assure the technical quality of these systems. A laboratory testing campaign has been carried out on a representative set of sixteen currently available inverters and a set of the most common AC appliances. The results of the tests are discussed with the aim of divulging the particular features of operating AC appliances in PV systems and the provisions to be taken into account in PV system design. The development of testing procedures has followed the motto ?keep it as simple as possible?, in order to make their application easier in conventional laboratories in developing countries.

Metodología de ecoinnovación PDCA, aplicada al prototipo de fachada vegetal aljibe Naturpanel en el Proyecto SOS-Natura

Este artículo expone la metodología de trabajo desarrollada en las investigaciones del Departamento de Construcción y Tecnología Arquitectónicas de la UPM, basada en el concepto de ecoinnovación, y en la normativa AENOR de Ecodiseño (UNE-EN ISO 14006), en normativas relacionadas como la UNE-EN ISO 9001 y 14001, entre otras. Dicha metodología considera los aspectos medioambientales desde las primeras fases de la investigación, para aumentar la ecoeficiencia de las propuestas producidas, de manera que satisfagan las necesidades humanas y proporcionen una mejor calidad de vida, a la vez que reduzcan progresivamente los impactos ambientales y la intensidad de consumo de recursos a lo largo de su ciclo de vida, hasta un nivel, al menos, en línea con la capacidad de asimilación de la Tierra. El objetivo de esta comunicación es explicar y dar a conocer, mediante ejemplos concretos, dicha metodología; los beneficios de la misma y cómo influye su utilización en el diseño arquitectónico de fachadas vegetales.

Metodología de ecoinnovación PDCA, aplicada al prototipo de Fachada Vegetal Aljibe Natura. Proyecto SOS Natura-UPM Arquitectura,

Metodología de ecoinnovación PDCA, aplicada al prototipo de Fachada Vegetal Aljibe Natura. Proyecto SOS Natura-UPM Arquitectura

Experiences on the specification of algorithms for fire and smoke control in road tunnels

The main objective of ventilation systems in case of fire is the reduction of the possible consequences by achieving the best possible conditions for the evacuation of the users and the intervention of the emergency services. The required immediate transition, from normal to emergency functioning of the ventilation equipments, is being strengthened by the use of automatic and semi-automatic control systems, what reduces the response times through the help to the operators, and the use of pre-defined strategies. A further step consists on the use of closed-loop algorithms, which takes into account not only the initial conditions but their development (air velocity, traffic situation, etc.), optimizing smoke control capacity.

Ontology Requirements Specification

The goal of the ontology requirements specification activity is to state why the ontology is being built, what its intended uses are, who the end users are, and which requirements the ontology should fulfill. This chapter presents detailed methodological guidelines for specifying ontology requirements efficiently. These guidelines will help ontology engineers to capture ontology requirements and produce the ontology requirements specification document (ORSD). The ORSD will play a key role during the ontology development process because it facilitates, among other activities, (1) the search and reuse of existing knowledge resources with the aim of reengineering them into ontologies, (2) the search and reuse of ontological resources (ontologies, ontology modules, ontology statements as well as ontology design patterns), and (3) the verification of the ontology along the ontology development.

Metodología de la ecoinnovación PDCA, aplicada al prototipo de fachada vegetal aljibe Naturpanel en el Proyecto SOS-Natura

Este artículo expone la metodología de trabajo desarrollada en las investigaciones del Departamento de Construcción y Tecnología Arquitectónicas de la UPM, basada en el concepto de ecoinnovación, y en la normativa AENOR de Ecodiseño (UNE-EN ISO 14006), en normativas relacionadas como la UNE-EN ISO 9001 y 14001, entre otras. Dicha metodología considera los aspectos medioambientales desde las primeras fases de la investigación, para aumentar la ecoeficiencia de las propuestas producidas, de manera que satisfagan las necesidades humanas y proporcionen una mejor calidad de vida, a la vez que reduzcan progresivamente los impactos ambientales y la intensidad de consumo de recursos a lo largo de su ciclo de vida, hasta un nivel, al menos, en línea con la capacidad de asimilación de la Tierra. El objetivo de esta comunicación es explicar y dar a conocer, mediante ejemplos concretos, dicha metodología; los beneficios de la misma y cómo influye su utilización en el diseño arquitectónico de fachadas vegetales.

LED bulb lamps technical specification and testing procedure for solar home systems.

With the consolidation of the new solid state lighting LEOs devices, te5t1n9 the compliance 01 lamps based on this technology lor Solar Home Systems (SHS) have been analyzed. The definition of the laboratory procedures to be used with final products 15 a necessary step in arder to be able to assure the quality of the lamps prior to be installed [1]. As well as with CFL technology. particular attention has been given to simplicity and technical affordability in arder to facilitate the implementation of the test with basie and simple laboratory too15 even on the same SHS electrification program locations. The block of test procedures has been applied to a set of 14 low-cost lamps. They apply to lamp resistance, reliability and performance under normal, extreme and abnormal operating conditions as a simple but complete quality meter tool 01 any LEO bulb.

An ITS architecture specification - The FOTsis project experience

The recent continuous development of Cooperative ITS has resulted in several initiatives which focus on different parts of the Cooperative environment landscape. The FOTsis project focuses on the infrastructure side of the Cooperative environment and will deploy and test 7 services designed to maximise the benefits of the integration of the road operator and infrastructure-based information providers into the ITS environment. This integration can take place in any of the stages of data collection, processing and actuations of the services, but also support and trigger external tasks such as operations of the emergency response entities, etc. This paper describes the current status of the project and focuses on the specification of the supporting architecture to the services tested: references, a brief outline of the requirements’ definition, and the FOTsis architecture proposal, with some conclusions about the architecture tests conducted. The outlook on the project’s next steps is given in the last section of the paper.

Obtención de cartografía derivada empleando servicios OGC : exploración y ejemplo de aplicación.

El objetivo principal de este proyecto será la obtención de una cartografía derivada empleando servicios OGC. Dado que se desconoce la funcionalidad y disponibilidad de dichos servicios se tendrá que hacer un análisis a priori de dichos servicios y a partir de este se seleccionará una zona de trabajo, objetivo y escala adecuada del mapa final. Objetivos Específicos: - Exploración y análisis de las diferentes IDEs dependientes de organizaciones oficiales. - Analizar la disponibilidad real de datos en sus correspondientes servicios de WFS, así como sus posibilidades de descarga y necesidad de registro. - Elección de una zona de trabajo, fin del mapa y escala adecuada. - Creación de una cartografía base. - Creación del mapa del Camino de Santiago a su paso por La Rioja y Navarra, relacionado con los monumentos y bodegas de la zona. - Impresión y maquetación.na de trabajo, objetivo y escala adecuada del mapa final. El Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) fue creado en 1994 y agrupa (en febrero de 2009) a 372 organizaciones públicas y privadas. Su fin es la definición de estándares abiertos e interoperables dentro de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica y de la World Wide Web. Persigue acuerdos entre las diferentes empresas del sector que posibiliten la interoperación de sus sistemas de geoprocesamiento y facilitar el intercambio de la información geográfica en beneficio de los usuarios. Facilitar el acceso del público en general a productos cartográficos y descargas de información geográfica de gran calidad, siempre actualizados y cumpliendo requisitos de interoperabilidad. En este análisis tenemos en cuenta los siguientes servicios: - Web Map Service (WMS), o Servicios Web de Mapas - Web Feature Services (WFS), o Servicios Web de Entidades vectoriales - Web Coverage Services (WCS), o Servicios Web de Coberturas ráster.

LED bulbs technical specification and testing procedure for solar home systems

The definition of technical specifications and the corresponding laboratory procedures are necessary steps in order to assure the quality of the devices prior to be installed in Solar Home Systems (SHS). To clarify and unify criteria a European project supported the development of the Universal Technical Standard for Solar Home Systems (UTSfSHS). Its principles were to generate simple and affordable technical requirements to be optimized in order to facilitate the implementation of tests with basic and simple laboratory tools even on the same SHS electrification program countries. These requirements cover the main aspects of this type of installations and its lighting chapter was developed based on the most used technology at that time: fluorescent tubes and CFLs. However, with the consolidation of the new LED solid state lighting devices, particular attention is being given to this matter and new procedures are required. In this work we develop a complete set of technical specifications and test procedures that have been designed within the frame of the UTSfSHS, based on an intense review of the scientific and technical publications related to LED lighting and their practical application. They apply to lamp reliability, performance and safety under normal, extreme and abnormal operating conditions as a simple but complete quality meter tool for any LED bulb.

Semantic Annotation of RESTful and WFS OGC services

Actualmente, la Web provee un inmenso conjunto de servicios (WS-*, RESTful, OGC WFS), los cuales están normalmente expuestos a través de diferentes estándares que permiten localizar e invocar a estos servicios. Estos servicios están, generalmente, descritos utilizando información textual, sin una descripción formal, es decir, la descripción de los servicios es únicamente sintáctica. Para facilitar el uso y entendimiento de estos servicios, es necesario anotarlos de manera formal a través de la descripción de los metadatos. El objetivo de esta tesis es proponer un enfoque para la anotación semántica de servicios Web en el dominio geoespacial. Este enfoque permite automatizar algunas de las etapas del proceso de anotación, mediante el uso combinado de recursos ontológicos y servicios externos. Este proceso ha sido evaluado satisfactoriamente con un conjunto de servicios en el dominio geoespacial. La contribución principal de este trabajo es la automatización parcial del proceso de anotación semántica de los servicios RESTful y WFS, lo cual mejora el estado del arte en esta área. Una lista detallada de las contribuciones son: • Un modelo para representar servicios Web desde el punto de vista sintáctico y semántico, teniendo en cuenta el esquema y las instancias. • Un método para anotar servicios Web utilizando ontologías y recursos externos. • Un sistema que implementa el proceso de anotación propuesto. • Un banco de pruebas para la anotación semántica de servicios RESTful y OGC WFS. Abstract The Web contains an immense collection of Web services (WS-*, RESTful, OGC WFS), normally exposed through standards that tell us how to locate and invocate them. These services are usually described using mostly textual information and without proper formal descriptions, that is, existing service descriptions mostly stay on a syntactic level. If we want to make such services potentially easier to understand and use, we may want to annotate them formally, by means of descriptive metadata. The objective of this thesis is to propose an approach for the semantic annotation of services in the geospatial domain. Our approach automates some stages of the annotation process, by using a combination of thirdparty resources and services. It has been successfully evaluated with a set of geospatial services. The main contribution of this work is the partial automation of the process of RESTful and WFS semantic annotation services, what improves the current state of the art in this area. The more detailed list of contributions are: • A model for representing Web services. • A method for annotating Web services using ontological and external resources. • A system that implements the proposed annotation process. • A gold standard for the semantic annotation of RESTful and OGC WFS services, and algorithms for evaluating the annotations.

An ITS architecture specification - The FOTsis project experience

The recent continuous development of Cooperative ITS has resulted in several initiatives which focus on different parts of the Cooperative environment landscape. The FOTsis project focuses on the infrastructure side of the Cooperative environment and will deploy and test 7 services designed to maximise the benefits of the integration of the road operator and infrastructure-based information providers into the ITS environment. This paper describes the current status of the project and focuses on the road safety approach within the project: safety services and safety impact assessment. The outlook on the project's next steps is given in the last section of the paper.

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of the Conventional Façade SOS Natura and the Natural Water Tank Façade

The construction industry produces great environmental impacts to the planet. In order to tackle this problem, the European Union has put into effect Regulation No 305/2011, which compels the construction products manufacturers to carry out environmental performance studies of these products and thus make public the impact they cause on the environment. The aim of this research is to make known the environmental impacts of the SOS Natura Conventional Façade (CF) solution, obtained within the research project "SOS Natura, Vegetal Architectural Solutions" developed by the Department of Construction and Technology in Architecture of the School of Architecture of the Technical University of Madrid (Spain). In addition, we report an environmental comparative with the Natural Water Tank Façade (NWTF), studied previously by the same work group and included in the same research project.We present as well an uncertainty analysis for both façades. Following the study conducted we conclude that the NWTF profile has a slightly better environmental behaviour when compared to the CF profile for the entire life cycle in most of the impact categories analysed in this study. However it should also be noted that, in detail and at stage level, the NWTF presents a higher environmental impact than the CF.