6 resultados para Motivações semântico-cognitivas e discursivo-pragmáticas
em Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Resumo:
Cuando los usuarios acceden a servicios telemáticos, esperan obtener experiencias cada vez más adaptadas a su contexto específico, en especial, ante la gran cantidad de contenidos en línea a su alcance a través de dichos servicios. Para que estos servicios proporcionen funcionalidades centradas en el usuario –por ejemplo, búsquedas relevantes, adaptación de contenidos, personalización y recomendación– es necesario que los contenidos estén anotados semánticamente y disponer de un modelo preciso que represente al usuario y su contexto de uso. En este escenario, presentamos un marco genérico de servicios centrados en el usuario basado en la caracterización semántica de los usuarios y su mapeo con los contenidos. En concreto, aplicamos dicho marco a un buscador semántico que caracteriza automáticamente tanto los contenidos a los que los usuarios pueden acceder como el contexto de uso desde el que se accede. La solución propuesta incluye modelos de usuario dinámicos y adaptativos, con información explícita e implícita; así como descriptores de los contenidos que pueden utilizarse para determinar cuáles son más adecuados para cada usuario
Resumo:
Este artículo afronta el problema de la conversión de estructuras morfosintácticas a una representación semántica basada en marcos y viceversa. Los algoritmos de interpretación presentados emplean el mismo conjunto de reglas para realizar dicha conversión en ambos sentidos (para análisis y generación) y se centran en recorrer el árbol morfosintáctico/semántico de forma descendente aplicando las reglas de interpretación recursivamente a sus constituyentes.
Resumo:
Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency is very common in elderly people and can reach values as high as 40.5% of the population. It can be the result of the interaction among several factors. Vitamin B12 deficiencies have been associated with neurological, cognitive deterioration, haematological abnormalities and cardiovascular diseases that have an important influence on the health of the elderly and their quality of life. It is necessary to approach the problems arisen from the lack of data relative to them. The main objective of this thesis was to analyse the evolution of vitamin B12 status and related parameters, lipid and haematological profiles and their relationship to health risk factors, and to functional and cognitive status over one year and to determine the effect of an oral supplementation of 500 μg of cyanocobalamin for a short period of 28 days. An additional objective was to analyze the possible effects of medicine intakes on vitamin B status. Three studies were performed: a) a one year longitudinal follow-up with four measure points; b) an intervention study providing an oral liquid supplement of 500 μg of cyanocobalamin for a 28 days period; and c) analysis of the possible effect of medication intake on vitamin B status using the ATC classification of medicines. The participants for these studies were recruited from nursing homes for the elderly in the Region of Madrid. Sixty elders (mean age 84 _ 7y, 19 men and 41 women) were recruited for Study I and 64 elders (mean age 82 _ 7y, 24 men and 40 women) for Study II. For Study III, baseline data from the initially recruited participants of the first two studies were used. An informed consent was obtained from all participants or their mentors. The studies were approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Granada. Blood samples were obtained at each examination date and were analyzed for serum cobalamin, holoTC, serum and RBC folate and total homocysteine according to laboratory standard procedures. The haematological parameters analyzed were haematocrit, haemoglobin and MCV. For the lipid profile TG, total cholesterol, LDL- and HDLcholesterol were analyzed. Anthropometric measures (BMI, skinfolds [triceps and subscapular], waist girth and waist to hip ratio), functional tests (hand grip, arm and leg strength tests, static balance) and MMSE were obtained or administered by trained personal. The vitamin B12 supplement of Study II was administered with breakfast and the medication intake was taken from the residents’ anamnesis. Data were analyzed by parametric and non-parametric statistics depending on the obtained data. Comparisons were done using the appropriate ANOVAs or non-parametric tests. Pearsons’ partial correlations with the variable “time” as control were used to define the association of the analyzed parameters. XIII The results showed that: A) Over one year, in relationship to vitamin B status, serum cobalamin decreased, serum folate and mean corpuscular volumen increased significantly and total homocysteine concentrations were stable. Regarding blood lipid profile, triglycerides increased and HDL-cholesterol decreased significantly. Regarding selected anthropometric measurements, waist circumference increased significantly. No significant changes were observed for the rest of parameters. B) Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia was high in the elderly studied, ranging from 60% to 90 % over the year depending on the cut-off used for the classification. LDL-cholesterol values were high, especially among women, and showed a tendency to increase over the year. Results of the balance test showed a deficiency and a tendency to decrease; this indicates that the population studied is at high risk for falls. Lower extremity muscular function was deficient and showed a tendency to decrease. A highly significant relationship was observed between the skinfold of the triceps and blood lipid profile. C) Low cobalamin concentrations correlated significantly with low MMSE scores in the elderly studied. No correlations were observed between vitamin B12 status and functional parameters. D) Regarding vitamin B12 status, holo-transcobalamin seems to be more sensitive for diagnosis; 5-10% of the elderly had a deficiency using serum cobalamin as a criterion, and 45-52% had a deficiency when using serum holotranscobalamin as a criterion. E) 500 μg of cyanocobalamin administered orally during 28 days significantly improved vitamin B12 status and significantly decreased total homocysteine concentrations in institutionalized elderly. No effect of the intervention was observed on functional and cognitive parameters. F) The relative change (%) of improvement of vitamin B12 status was higher when using serum holo-transcobalamin as a criterion than serum cobalamin. G) Antiaenemic drug intake normalized cobalamin, urologic drugs and corticosteroids serum folate, and psychoanaleptics holo-transcobalamin levels. Drugs treating pulmonary obstruction increased total homocysteine concentration significantly. H) The daily mean drug intake was 5.1. Fiftynine percent of the elderly took medication belonging to 5 or more different ATC groups. The most prevalent were psycholeptic (53%), antiacid (53%) and antithrombotic (47%) drugs.
Resumo:
La Gestión de Recursos Humanos a través de Internet es un problema latente y presente actualmente en cualquier sitio web dedicado a la búsqueda de empleo. Este problema también está presente en AFRICA BUILD Portal. AFRICA BUILD Portal es una emergente red socio-profesional nacida con el ánimo de crear comunidades virtuales que fomenten la educación e investigación en el área de la salud en países africanos. Uno de los métodos para fomentar la educación e investigación es mediante la movilidad de estudiantes e investigadores entre instituciones, apareciendo así, el citado problema de la gestión de recursos humanos. Por tanto, este trabajo se centra en solventar el problema de la gestión de recursos humanos en el entorno específico de AFRICA BUILD Portal. Para solventar este problema, el objetivo es desarrollar un sistema de recomendación que ayude en la gestión de recursos humanos en lo que concierne a la selección de las mejores ofertas y demandas de movilidad. Caracterizando al sistema de recomendación como un sistema semántico el cual ofrecerá las recomendaciones basándose en las reglas y restricciones impuestas por el dominio. La aproximación propuesta se basa en seguir el enfoque de los sistemas de Matchmaking semánticos. Siguiendo este enfoque, por un lado, se ha empleado un razonador de lógica descriptiva que ofrece inferencias útiles en el cálculo de las recomendaciones y por otro lado, herramientas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural para dar soporte al proceso de recomendación. Finalmente para la integración del sistema de recomendación con AFRICA BUILD Portal se han empleado diversas tecnologías web. Los resultados del sistema basados en la comparación de recomendaciones creadas por el sistema y por usuarios reales han mostrado un funcionamiento y rendimiento aceptable. Empleando medidas de evaluación de sistemas de recuperación de información se ha obtenido una precisión media del sistema de un 52%, cifra satisfactoria tratándose de un sistema semántico. Pudiendo concluir que con la solución implementada se ha construido un sistema estable y modular posibilitando: por un lado, una fácil evolución que debería ir encaminada a lograr un rendimiento mayor, incrementando su precisión y por otro lado, dejando abiertas nuevas vías de crecimiento orientadas a la explotación del potencial de AFRICA BUILD Portal mediante la Web 3.0. ---ABSTRACT---The Human Resource Management through Internet is currently a latent problem shown in any employment website. This problem has also appeared in AFRICA BUILD Portal. AFRICA BUILD Portal is an emerging socio-professional network with the objective of creating virtual communities to foster the capacity for health research and education in African countries. One way to foster this capacity of research and education is through the mobility of students and researches between institutions, thus appearing the Human Resource Management problem. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on solving the Human Resource Management problem in the specific environment of AFRICA BUILD Portal. To solve this problem, the objective is to develop a recommender system which assists the management of Human Resources with respect to the selection of the best mobility supplies and demands. The recommender system is a semantic system which will provide the recommendations according to the domain rules and restrictions. The proposed approach is based on semantic matchmaking solutions. So, this approach on the one hand uses a Description Logics reasoning engine which provides useful inferences to the recommendation process and on the other hand uses Natural Language Processing techniques to support the recommendation process. Finally, Web technologies are used in order to integrate the recommendation system into AFRICA BUILD Portal. The results of evaluating the system are based on the comparison between recommendations created by the system and by real users. These results have shown an acceptable behavior and performance. The average precision of the system has been obtained by evaluation measures for information retrieval systems, so the average precision of the system is at 52% which may be considered as a satisfactory result taking into account that the system is a semantic system. To conclude, it could be stated that the implemented system is stable and modular. This fact on the one hand allows an easy evolution that should aim to achieve a higher performance by increasing its average precision and on the other hand keeps open new ways to increase the functionality of the system oriented to exploit the potential of AFRICA BUILD Portal through Web 3.0.
Resumo:
En este artículo se presenta un sistema automático de almacenamiento, análisis y visualización de información semántica extraída de mensajes de Twitter, diseñado para proporcionar a las administraciones públicas una herramienta para detectar y analizar de una manera sencilla y rápida los patrones de comportamiento de los ciudadanos, su opinión acerca de los servicios públicos, la percepción de la ciudad, los eventos de interés, etc. Además, puede ser usado como un sistema de alerta temprana, mejorando la eficiencia y rapidez de actuación de los sistemas de emergencia.
Resumo:
En este artículo se presenta un sistema automático de almacenamiento, análisis y visualización de información semántica extraída de mensajes de Twitter, diseñado para proporcionar a las administraciones públicas una herramienta para detectar y analizar de una manera sencilla y rápida los patrones de comportamiento de los ciudadanos, su opinión acerca de los servicios públicos, la percepción de la ciudad, los eventos de interés, etc. Además, puede ser usado como un sistema de alerta temprana, mejorando la eficiencia y rapidez de actuación de los sistemas de emergencia.