Mejoras en el sistema MOIRA para su aplicación a los emplazamientos nucleares fluviales españoles

Entre las posibles secuelas de un accidente nuclear hay que contar con la contaminación radiactiva a medio y largo plazo de los sistemas acuáticos de agua dulce. Frente a ese problema, es fundamental disponer de una evaluación realista del impacto radiológico, ecológico, social y económico de las posibles estrategias de gestión, para poder adoptar las decisiones más convenientes de forma racional. MOIRA es un sistema de ayuda a la decisión desarrollado en el curso de los Programas Marco Europeos con participación de la UPM, que ha sido mejorado y adaptado a los emplazamientos nucleares españoles en los últimos años en el contexto del Proyecto ISIDRO, patrocinado por el Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear, con la participación del CIEMAT y la UPM. El trabajo se centra en esos avances, principalmente relacionados con los sistemas hidráulicos complejos como los de los ríos Tajo, Ebro y Júcar, en los que se ubican varias centrales nucleares españolas.

MOIRA-PLUS use in decision making on the long-term management of contaminated freshwater bodies and catchments

In the mid-long-term after a nuclear accident, the contamination of drinking water sources, fish and other aquatic foodstuffs, irrigation supplies and people?s exposure during recreational activities may create considerable public concern, even though dose assessment may in certain situations indicate lesser importance than for other sources, as clearly experienced in the aftermath of past accidents. In such circumstances there are a number of available countermeasure options, ranging from specific chemical treatment of lakes to bans on fish ingestion or on the use of water for crop irrigation. The potential actions can be broadly grouped into four main categories, chemical, biological, physical and social. In some cases a combination of actions may be the optimal strategy and a decision support system (DSS) like MOIRA-PLUS can be of great help to optimise a decision. A further option is of course not to take any remedial actions, although this may also have significant socio-economic repercussions which should be adequately evaluated. MOIRA-PLUS is designed to allow for a reliable assessment of the long-term evolution of the radiological situation and of feasible alternative rehabilitation strategies, including an objective evaluation of their social, economic and ecological impacts in a rational and comprehensive manner. MOIRA-PLUS also features a decision analysis methodology, making use of multi-attribute analysis, which can take into account the preferences and needs of different types of stakeholders. The main functions and elements of the system are described summarily. Also the conclusions from end-user?s experiences with the system are discussed, including exercises involving the organizations responsible for emergency management and the affected services, as well as different local and regional stakeholders. MOIRAPLUS has proven to be a mature system, user friendly and relatively easy to set up. It can help to better decisionmaking by enabling a realistic evaluation of the complete impacts of possible recovery strategies. Also, the interaction with stakeholders has allowed identifying improvements of the system that have been recently implemented.