Study of rapid ionisation for simulation of soft X-ray lasers with the 2D hydro-radiative code ARWEN

We present our fast ionisation routine used to study transient softX-raylasers with ARWEN, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic code incorporating adaptative mesh refinement (AMR) and radiative transport. We compute global rates between ion stages assuming an effective temperature between singly-excited levels of each ion. A two-step method is used to obtain in a straightforward manner the variation of ion populations over long hydrodynamic time steps. We compare our model with existing theoretical results both stationary and transient, finding that the discrepancies are moderate except for large densities. We simulate an existing Molybdenum Ni-like transient softX-raylaser with ARWEN. Use of the fast ionisation routine leads to a larger increase in temperature and a larger gain zone than when LTE datatables are used.

Laser Shock Microformingof Thin Metal Sheets with ns Lasers

Continuous and long-pulse lasers have been used for the forming of metal sheets in macroscopic mechanical applications. However, for the manufacturing of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), the use of ns laser pulses provides a suitable parameter matching over an important range of sheet components that, preserving the short interaction time scale required for the predominantly mechanical (shock) induction of deformation residual stresses, allows for the successful processing of components in a medium range of miniaturization without appreciable thermal deformation.. In the present paper, the physics of laser shock microforming and the influence of the different experimental parameters on the net bending angle are presented.

Comparison of natural and forced amplification regimes in plasma-based soft-x-ray lasers seeded by high-order harmonic

The amplification of high-order harmonics (HOH) in a plasma-based amplifier is a multiscale, temporal phenomenon that couples plasma hydrodynamics, atomic processes, and HOH electromagnetic fields. We use a one-dimensional, time-dependent Maxwell-Bloch code to compare the natural amplification regime and another regime where plasma polarization is constantly forced by the HOH. In this regime, a 10-MW (i.e., 100 times higher than current seeded soft x-ray laser power), 1.5-μJ, 140-fs pulse free from the parasitic temporal structures appearing on the natural amplification regime can be obtained.

Self-validating technique for the measurement of the linewidth enhancement factor in semiconductor lasers

A new method for measuring the linewidth enhancement factor (α-parameter) of semiconductor lasers is proposed and discussed. The method itself provides an estimation of the measurement error, thus self-validating the entire procedure. The α-parameter is obtained from the temporal profile and the instantaneous frequency (chirp) of the pulses generated by gain switching. The time resolved chirp is measured with a polarization based optical differentiator. The accuracy of the obtained values of the α-parameter is estimated from the comparison between the directly measured pulse spectrum and the spectrum reconstructed from the chirp and the temporal profile of the pulse. The method is applied to a VCSEL and to a DFB laser emitting around 1550 nm at different temperatures, obtaining a measurement error lower than ± 8%.

Application of Ultraintense Lasers to validate materials for laser fusion: production of ions and other relevant species

Justification of the need and demand of experimental facilities to test and validate materials for first wall in laser fusion reactors - Characteristics of the laser fusion products - Current ?possible? facilities for tests Ultraintense Lasers as ?complete? solution facility - Generation of ion pulses - Generation of X-ray pulses - Generation of other relevant particles (electrons, neutrons..)

Selective ablation with UV lasers of a-Si:H thin film solar cells in direct scribing configuration

Monolithical series connection of silicon thin-film solar cells modules performed by laser scribing plays a very important role in the entire production of these devices. In the current laser process interconnection the two last steps are developed for a configuration of modules where the glass is essential as transparent substrate. In addition, the change of wavelength in the employed laser sources is sometimes enforced due to the nature of the different materials of the multilayer structure which make up the device. The aim of this work is to characterize the laser patterning involved in the monolithic interconnection process in a different configurations of processing than the usually performed with visible laser sources. To carry out this study, we use nanosecond and picosecond laser sources working at 355nm of wavelength in order to achieve the selective ablation of the material from the film side. To assess this selective removal of material has been used EDX (energy dispersive using X-ray) analysis

A proposal for multi-tens of GW fully coherent femtosecond soft X-ray lasers

X-ray free-electron lasers1,2 delivering up to 131013 coherent photons in femtosecond pulses are bringing about a revolution in X-ray science3?5. However, some plasma-based soft X-ray lasers6 are attractive because they spontaneously emit an even higher number of photons (131015), but these are emitted in incoherent and long (hundreds of picoseconds) pulses7 as a consequence of the amplification of stochastic incoherent self-emission. Previous experimental attempts to seed such amplifiers with coherent femtosecond soft X-rays resulted in as yet unexplained weak amplification of the seed and strong amplification of incoherent spontaneous emission8. Using a time-dependent Maxwell?Bloch model describing the amplification of both coherent and incoherent soft X-rays in plasma, we explain the observed inefficiency and propose a new amplification scheme based on the seeding of stretched high harmonics using a transposition of chirped pulse amplification to soft X-rays. This scheme is able to deliver 531014 fully coherent soft X-ray photons in 200 fs pulses and with a peak power of 20 GW.

Pulse shortening of gain switched single mode semiconductor lasers using a variable delay interferometer

We propose a pulse shaping and shortening technique for pulses generated from gain switched single mode semiconductor lasers, based on a Mach Zehnder interferometer with variable delay. The spectral and temporal characteristics of the pulses obtained with the proposed technique are investigated with numerical simulations. Experiments are performed with a Distributed Feedback laser and a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser, emitting at 1.5 µm, obtaining pulse duration reduction of 25-30%. The main asset of the proposed technique is that it can be applied to different devices and pulses, taking advantage of the flexibility of the gain switching technique.

Ultraintense lasers applied to laser fusion material testing: production of ions, X rays and neutrons

Due to the particular characteristics of the fusion products, i.e. very short pulses (less than a few μs long for ions when arriving to the walls; less than 1 ns long for X-rays), very high fluences ( 10 13 particles/cm 2 for both ions and X rays photons) and broad particle energy spectra (up to 10 MeV ions and 100 keV photons), the laser fusion community lacks of facilities to accurately test plasma facing materials under those conditions. In the present work, the ability of ultraintese lasers to create short pulses of energetic particles and high fluences is addressed as a solution to reproduce those ion and X-ray bursts. Based on those parameters, a comparison between fusion ion and laser driven ion beams is presented and discussed, describing a possible experimental set-up to generate with lasers the appropriate ion pulses. At the same time, the possibility of generating X-ray or neutron beams which simulate those of laser fusion environments is also indicated and assessed under current laser intensities. It is concluded that ultraintense lasers should play a relevant role in the validation of materials for laser fusion facilities.

Ultraintense Lasers Applied to Laser Fusion Material Testing: Production of Ions, X rays and Neutrons

The ability of ultraintese lasers to create short pulses of energetic particles and high fluences is addressed as a solution to reproduce ion and X-ray ICF bursts for the characterization and validation of plasma facing components. The possibility of using a laser neutron source for material testing will also be discussed.

Aptitudes intelectuales y rendimientos académicos en estudiates de educación fisica. Un estudio exploratorio (Estudio diferencial de aptitudes de estudiantes de profesorado de educación física)

Esta tesina es el resultado del esfuerzo personal y particular de una persona pero integrado en un proyecto colectivo de estudio, discusión, experimentación y verificación de hipótesis que desde hace varios años venimos madurando, y cuyos frutos comienzan a recogerse. Precisamente la mayor parte de las tesinas que se presentan bajo el subtítulo colectivo de: “ESTUDIO DIFERENCIAL DE APTITUDES DE ESTUDIANTES DE PROFESORADO DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA”, tienen sus raíces en los Seminarios de Psicopedagogía, que desde hace cuatro años se desarrollan bajo el titulo genérico de "Tareas y aptitudes del profesional de Educación Física". Allí pudimos comprobar lo difícil que es el realizar un análisis de las tareas que realiza y debe realizar un profesional de la E.F. Como campos de nuestro interés fueron: - El estudio de las tareas que caracterizan la función del profesor de Educación Física. - La descripción y el análisis de las aptitudes convenientes para el desenvolvimiento en dichas tareas. - La critica de los procesos de desarrollo de las capacidades y los sistemas de formación. A través de mucho tiempo de búsqueda y de clarificación de ideas, en la autoafirmación y en el aprendizaje de las técnicas de estudio, de discusión, que nos proporcionaron, aparte de conceptos, el saber respetar el parlamento de los demás, y de esta manera, saber sentar premisas de estudio y experimentación. Y de esta labor comunitaria, entre alumnos y profesores. No llega a más., porque se queda en la consabida aportación investigadora de los españoles, en el caso típico de una tesis doctoral, que viene a ser como la aportación personal a la sabiduría nacional, que generalmente suele ser mejor que lo que hay, y en algunas ocasiones igual hasta es el único, pues, es muy difícil sustraer de las necesidades cotidianas el tiempo preciso para hacer aportaciones a la Ciencia Española. Esta tesina además de servir a su elaborador a conseguir un título que le dote de la debida titulación académica, es también una aportación gratuita con el único objetivo que valga para señalar algún rumbo más claro, que el existente. Nuestro problema se centra en la pregunta ¿Qué es, cómo debe ser y cómo se puede ser o llegar a ser, un buen profesor de E.F.? Aunque estos primeros trabajos están cargados de una cierta dosis de emoción. No obstante se ha hecho el proyecto sobre el análisis y descripción de aptitudes y se ha llevado a cabo tomando diversas muestras de estudiantes de Educación Física. Aunque somos conscientes que el estudio hubiese sido más válido si se hubiese efectuado con profesores de E.F. en activo, pero de no haber podido realizarlo, y con la idea de que en un futuro no muy lejano nosotros seremos profesionales de la Educación Física, nos anticipamos, con la confianza de la poca variabilidad de las aptitudes, de cada uno. Los planteamientos de los estudios, en conjunto se han formulado para constatad diferencias, tratando de desarrollar todos los puntos de vista que se pueda sobre el rol del Profesor. Mi estudio exploratorio entra a formar parte de eso tan debatido y estudiado, como es por una parte el rendimiento, que es considerado por la mayoría como un tema crítico de suma importancia. Y se ha buscado la otra variable, no menos debatida y hasta baqueteada aptitud superior, aptitud mental, o de cuantas formas se la ha dado en llamar. Como puede verse, es obvio, que sin la colaboración de nuestros compañeros, únicos protagonistas de esta buena o peor obra, pero que ellos han querido contribuir a ella con todo su tesón y entusiasmo. Y como reflejo de su paso por este trabajo ahí quedan esos números y letras que forman parte de ellos mismos.

Application of high-intensity short-pulse lasers to the mechanical and surface properties improvement of high reliability metallic components by shock processing

Outline: • Introduction • Process Experimental Setup • Experimental Procedure • Experimental Results for Al2024-T351 and Ti6Al4V - Residual stresses - Tensile Strength - Fatigue Life • Discussion and Outlook - Prospects for technological applications of LSP

Sound of lasers (SOL) - An audiovisual approach to semiconductor laser dynamics

We present an educational software addressed to the students of optical communication courses, for a simple visualization of the basic dynamic processes of semiconductor lasers. The graphic interface allows the user to choose the laser and the modulation parameters and it plots the laser power output and instantaneous frequency versus time. Additionally, the optical frequency variations are numerically shifted into the audible frequency range in order to produce a sound wave from the computer loudspeakers. Using the proposed software, the student can simultaneously see and hear how the laser intensity and frequency change, depending on the modulation and device parameters.

High Intensity Lasers Application to Advanced Materials Processing: Laser Peening and Related Processes

High Intensity Lasers Application to Advanced Materials Processing: Laser Peening and Related

High data rate modulation of high power 1060-nm DBR tapered lasers with separate contacts

Direct optical modulation at 2.5 Gb/s with amplitude of more than 0.5 W has been demonstrated in single longitudinal mode distributed Bragg reflector tapered lasers emitting at 1060 nm with separated injection of the ridge waveguide and tapered sections. The modulating signal of ~110 mA peak to peak was applied to the ridge waveguide section, yielding a high modulation efficiency of ~5 W/A. The large-signal frequency response of the experimental set-up was limited by the bandwidth of the electrical amplifier rather than by the internal dynamics of the laser, indicating that higher bit rates could be achieved with improved driving electronics.