Review of the Performance of Residential PV systems in Belgium

The main objective of this paper is to review the state of the art of residential PV systems in Belgium by the analysis of the operational data of 993 installations. For that, three main questions are posed: how much energy do they produce? What level of performance is associated to their production? Which are the key parameters that most influence their quality? This work brings answers to these questions. A middling commercial PV system, optimally oriented, produces a mean annual energy of 892 kWh/kWp. As a whole, the orientation of PV generators causes energy productions to be some 6% inferior to optimally oriented PV systems. The mean performance ratio is 78% and the mean performance index is 85%. That is to say, the energy produced by a typical PV system in Belgium is 15% inferior to the energy produced by a very high quality PV system. Finally, on average, the real power of the PV modules falls 5% below its corresponding nominal power announced on the manufacturer's datasheet. Differences between real and nominal power of up to 16% have been detected.

Andalusia's Museum of Memory

La revista coreana C3 publica el Museo de la Memoria de Andalucía. Contiene textos, imágenes, planos y dibujos del autor. El Museo de la Memoria se centra en la investigación de distintos modos de relacionarse la materia y el aire. Yuxtapone volúmenes de masa y vacío creando tensiones duales y complementarias. La obra aspira a una unidad total, a la cual contribuye especialmente la materialidad del hormigón. La obra deviene un ejemplo de arquitectura singular en todos sus aspectos. Se publican detalles constructivos de la obra.

Performance Analysis of 10,000 Residential PV Systems in France and Belgium

The main objective of this paper is to review the state of the art of residential PV systems in France and Belgium. This is done analyzing the operational data of 10650 PV systems (9657 located in France and 993 in Belgium). Three main questions are posed. How much energy do they produce? What level of performance is associated to their production? Which are the key parameters that most influence their quality? During the year 2010, the PV systems in France have produced a mean annual energy of 1163 kWh/kWp in France and 852 kWh/kWp in Belgium. As a whole, the orientation of PV generators causes energy productions to be some 7% inferior to optimally oriented PV systems. The mean Performance Ratio is 76% in France and 78% in Belgium, and the mean Performance Index is 85% in both countries. On average, the real power of the PV modules falls 4.9% below its corresponding nominal power announced on the manufacturer?s datasheet. A brief analysis by PV modules technology has lead to relevant observations about two technologies in particular. On the one hand, the PV systems equipped with Heterojunction with Intrinsic. Thin layer (HIT) modules show performances higher than average. On the other hand, the systems equipped with Copper Indium (di)Selenide (CIS) modules show a real power that is 16 % lower than their nominal value.

Drie elektriciteitscentrales voor de wederopbouw van Nederland: Amer, Hemweg en Zeeland

Estudio comparativo de aspectos constructivos y arquitectónicos de tres centrales eléctricas holandesas del periodo de reconstrucción tras la segunda guerra mundial. Todas ellas de carbón y ya incorporando el sistema modular de distribución de vapor.

El MA: Museo de la Memoria de Andalucía : The MA: Museum of Memory of Andalusia

El nuevo edificio del Museo de la Memoria de Andalucía constituye una metáfora de las actividades que Caja Granada desarrolla en esa ciudad y, por ello, se ha propuesto un edificio dialogante con la vecina Sede Central de Caja Granada, obra de los mismos arquitectos.

Museo Memoria de Andalucía, Granada = Andalucía Museum of Memory, Granada

Museo Memoria de Andalucía, Granada = Andalucía Museum of Memory, Granada. Texto en español e inglés

The Ma: Andalucía´s Museum of Memory, Granada (Spain) 2009

We would like to make “the most beautiful building” for the Museo de la Memoria de Andalucía (Andalusia’s Museum of Memory) in Granada = Querríamos hacer ”el más hermoso edificio” para el Museo de la Memoria de Andalucía en Granada

Montenmedio Museum, Cádiz (2006)

MONTENMEDIO MUSEUM, CÁDIZ (2006)

Mercedes Benz Museum

In collaboration with Alberto Morell Sixto

National Museum of Maritime Archeology

In collaboration with Antón García Abril.