Quantization of the universe as a black hole.

It has been shown that black holes can be quantized by using Bohr’s idea of quantizing the motion of an electron inside the atom. We apply these ideas to the universe as a whole. This approach reinforces the suggestion that it may be a way to unify gravity with quantum theory.

Macroscopic motion and gravitation in thermodynamics

A series of examples rarely presented to students is discussed to illustrate a property of thermodynamic equilibrium: small parts of a fully isolated system move as if points of a rigid body, so as to minimize the macroscopic (kinetic) energy EM. Most examples lie in the fields of astronomy and astrophysics, EM then including the gravitational energy. The paradoxical behaviour of gravitation, in particular in the extreme case of black holes,is discussed.