2 resultados para Kathleen Thelen

em Universidad Politécnica de Madrid


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Estudiar los movimientos infantiles ha sido uno de los asuntos más antiguos de la psicología del desarrollo. La presencia en la palestra científica de los estudios de Esther Thelen supuso que la psicología revitalizara el estudio del desarrollo motor para darle carta de naturaleza en el contexto investigador llegándolo a considerar como el fundamento de la psicología del des arrollo. Sus investigaciones transformaron la forma de pensar en torno al proceso de cambio poniendo en duda la interpretación madurativa del mismo, las causas del desarrollo motor infantil no se encontraban únicamente en el cerebro, así a la idea aceptada de que existía una estrecha relación entre las regularidades en el comportamiento motor y los cambios madurativos en el cerebro.

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In the middle of the twentieth century, Rafael Lorente de Nó (1902?1990) introduced the fundamental concept of the ?elementary cortical unit of operation,? proposing that the cerebral cortex is formed of small cylinders containing vertical chains of neurons (Lorente de Nó, 1933, 1938). On the basis of this idea, the hypothesis was later developed of the columnar organization of the cerebral cortex, primarily following the physiological and anatomical studies of Vernon Mountcastle, David Hubel, Torsten Wiesel, János Szentágothai, Ted Jones, and Pasko Rakic (for a review of these early studies, see Mountcastle, 1998). The columnar organization hypothesis is currently the most widely adopted to explain the cortical processing of information, making its study of potential interest to any researcher interested in this tissue, both in a healthy and pathological state. However, it is frequently remarked that the nomenclature surrounding this hypothesis often generates problems, as the term ?Column? is used freely and promiscuously to refer to multiple, distinguishable entities, such as cellular or dendritic minicolumns or afferent macrocolumns, with respective diameters of menor que50 and 200?500 ?m. Another problem is the degree to which classical criteria may need to be modified (shared response properties, shared input, and common output) and if so, how. Moreover, similar problems arise when we consider the need to define area-specific and species-specific variations. Finally, and what is more an ultimate goal than a problem, it is still necessary to achieve a better fundamental understanding of what columns are and how they are used in cortical processes. Accordingly, it is now very important to translate recent technical advances and new findings in the neurosciences into practical applications for neuroscientists, clinicians, and for those interested in comparative anatomy and brain evolution.