El papel de la ordenación territorial y urbanística en la gestión integrada de las zonas costeras

El sistema administrativo y legal está en el origen de las transformaciones territoriales que ha sufrido el litoral. Como creación socio política, es reflejo, en cada momento histórico, de los hábitos, prioridades y objetivos sobre el territorio, siendo parte fundamental en la construcción del espacio social litoral y en la destrucción del sistema ecológico. Cuanto mayor es la presión económica sobre el territorio, más importante será la capacidad de las herramientas que desarrolla para establecer los límites de actuación de los diversos agentes, siendo determinante la definición del ámbito litoral (ITUR, 1987) y la distribución de competencias entre las distintas administraciones

TITIM GIS-tool: A GIS-based decision support system for measuring the territorial impact of transport infrastructures

To achieve sustainability in the area of transport we need to view the decision-making process as a whole and consider all the most important socio-economic and environmental aspects involved. Improvements in transport infrastructures have a positive impact on regional development and significant repercussions on the economy, as well as affecting a large number of ecological processes. This article presents a DSS to assess the territorial effects of new linear transport infrastructures based on the use of GIS. The TITIM ? Transport Infrastructure Territorial Impact Measurement ? GIS tool allows these effects to be calculated by evaluating the improvement in accessibility, loss of landscape connectivity, and the impact on other local territorial variables such as landscape quality, biodiversity and land-use quality. The TITIM GIS tool assesses these variables automatically, simply by entering the required inputs, and thus avoiding the manual reiteration and execution of these multiple processes. TITIM allows researchers to use their own GIS databases as inputs, in contrast with other tools that use official or predefined maps. The TITIM GIS-tool is tested by application to six HSR projects in the Spanish Strategic Transport and Infrastructure Plan 2005?2020 (PEIT). The tool creates all 65 possible combinations of these projects, which will be the real test scenarios. For each one, the tool calculates the accessibility improvement, the landscape connectivity loss, and the impact on the landscape, biodiversity and land-use quality. The results reveal which of the HSR projects causes the greatest benefit to the transport system, any potential synergies that exist, and help define a priority for implementing the infrastructures in the plan