The influence of sensor placement on in-situ ultrasound wave velocity measurement.

Ultrasound wave velocity was measured in 30 pieces of Spanish Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), 90 x 140 mm in cross-section and 4 m long. Five different sensor placement arrangements were used: end to end (V0), face to opposite face, edge to opposite edge, face to same face and edge to same edge. The pieces were successively shortened to 3, 2 and 1 m, in order to obtain these velocities and their ratios to reference value V0 for different lengths and angles with respect to the piece axis for the crossed measurements. The velocity obtained in crossed measurements is lower than V0. A correction coefficient for crossed velocities is proposed, depending on the angle, to adjust them to the V0 benchmark. The velocities measured on a surface, are also lower than V0, and their ratio with respect to V0 is close to 0.97 for distances equal to or greater than 18 times the depth of the beam.

Análisis dinámico in situ de transmisores de presión capacitivos

Los sensores de presión capacitivos tipo Rosemount son ampliamente utilizados en las centrales nucleares para la medida de la presión, el caudal y el nivel. Están unidos a las líneas de proceso de la central mediante líneas sensoras siendo el mantenimiento del sistema sensor-línea fundamental para mantener la seguridad en la planta. La vigilancia in situ del sistema en su conjunto, sensor-línea, se suele realizar mediante la medida del tiempo de respuesta del transmisor de presión con las técnicas de análisis de ruido. Sin embargo, determinadas averías como la pérdida de aceite de su cámara interna no son detectables por medio de la medida del tiempo de respuesta, ya que éste apenas varía su valor en una fase incipiente del síndrome. No obstante, la mejora de la descripción dinámica del sensor podría servir para detectar dichas averías. En laboratorio se ha demostrado que la función de transferencia del sistema sensor-línea puede tener más de un polo real, y en consecuencia, el modelo de tres polos (dos polos complejos conjugados y uno real) utilizado hasta ahora en otros trabajos podría sustituirse por uno de cuatro o incluso cinco. En este trabajo se propone utilizar técnicas de vigilancia in situ basadas en el análisis de ruido y en el Dynamic Data System para ampliar la descripción dinámica del sensor y con ello mejorar las posibilidades de diagnóstico de averías como el síndrome de la pérdida de aceite del sensor en fases incipientes. Se han analizado varias medidas de planta con la metodología propuesta y se muestran los resultados obtenidos.

In situ surveillance of capacitive pressure transmitter dynamic poles

In this work, a methodology is proposed to find the dynamic poles of a capacitive pressure transmitter in order to enhance and extend the online surveillance of this type of sensor based on the response time measurement by applying noise analysis techniques and the dynamic data system procedure. Several measurements taken from a pressurized water reactor have been analyzed. The methodology proposes an autoregressive fit whose order is determined by the sensor dynamic poles. Nevertheless, the signals that have been analyzed could not be filtered properly in order to remove the plant noise; thus, this was considered as an additional pair of complex conjugate poles. With this methodology we have come up with the numerical value of the sensor second real pole in spite of its low influence on the sensor dynamic response. This opens up a more accurate online sensor surveillance since the previous methods were achieved by considering one real pole only.

AR modelling and DDS for in situ surveillance of capacitive pressure transmitters

In this work, a methodology is proposed to find the dynamics poles of a capacitive pressure transmitter in order to enhance and extend the on line surveillance of this type of sensors based on the response time measurement by applying noise analysis techniques and the Dynamic Data System. Several measurements have been analyzed taken from a Pressurized Water Reactor. The methodology proposes an autoregressive fit whose order is determined by the sensor dynamics poles. Nevertheless, the signals that have been analyzed, could not be filtered properly in order to remove the plant noise, thus, this was considered as an additional pair of complex conjugate poles. With this methodology we have come up with the numerical value of the sensor second real pole in spite of its low influence on the sensor dynamic response. This opens up a more accurate on line sensor surveillance since the previous methods were achieved by considering one real pole only.