Geología de las ultramafitas pre-andinas de Tapo y Acobamba, Tarma, en la Cordillera Oriental de Perú

Ultramafic rocks occur scattered along a 300 km long NNW-SSE trending belt, parallel to the central Peruvian Andes in the Cordillera Oriental, from Tarma (Junín Dept.) to Huancapallac and Tingo María (Huánuco Dept.). The Tarma occurrences (Tapo and Acobamba) are dealt with here, as the first step of a broader research. The Tapo massif comprises strongly tectonised serpentinites with scarce peridotitic relics, amphibolites and podiform chromitites. It was overthrust on early Carboniferous metasedimentary rocks of the Andean basement (Ambo Group), and it shows evidences of a pre-Andean deformational history, not observed in the Ambo Group; the basal thrust plane is folded by the Andean tectonics. The two smaller Acobamba occurrences are also allochtonous and show similar tectonic features. Major and trace element composition of amphibolites point to a tholeiitic basalt (to picrobasalt) protolith, compatible with an ocean-ridge or ocean-island environment. Small podiform chromitite lenses and chromite disseminations also occur; they are strongly deformed, metamorphosed and overprinted by hydrothermal alteration related to deformation, and were the subject of small scale mining. The ores comprise mainly chromite, ferritchromite, spinel, magnetite, ilmenite and scarce sulphides, as well as the secondary minerals stichtite and nimite. Results of this work exclude current interpretations of the Tarma ultramafites as autochtonous igneous intrusives, and point to a new interpretation for their emplacement.

Caracterización de variables geoespaciales mediante teledetección multiespectral y su integración en la modelización hidráulica de la cuenca del río Tinguiririca (Chile)

Este proyecto tiene como objetivo ampliar, mediante la caracterización espectral y multitemporal por técnicas de teledetección y medidas in situ, el estudio del corredor fluvial para el río Tinguiririca en Chile. Consiste en estudiar la cobertura del terreno, evaluar su dinámica de cambio e identificar zonas de acumulación de materiales de alteración hidrotermal arcillosos y óxidos de hierro, presentes en la cuenca durante las últimas tres décadas que puedan explicar su evolución temporal. Se pretenden obtener nuevas variables geoespaciales que ayuden a comprender las posibles causas de variación del cauce, elaborando cartografía para una posterior fase de investigación mediante modelización hidráulica que vaya dirigida a paliar el impacto de las riadas periódicas. Para ello, se han empleado, tratado y explotado imágenes de los sensores remotos TM, ETM+, OLI y TIRS tomadas en un período comprendido entre 1993 y 2014, que se han contrastado con perfiles batimétricos, datos GPS, supervisión y muestreo tomados sobre el terreno. Se ha realizado así mismo, un estudio prospectivo de caso sobre cómo afectarían las variables obtenidas por teledetección a la modelización hidráulica, en particular, la rugosidad, proponiendo un marco metodológico global de integración de las tres técnicas: sistemas de información geográfica, teledetección y modelización hidráulica. ABSTRACT This project aims to develop the study of Tinguiririca River corridor in Chile, through spectral characterization and multitemporal remote sensing and other measurements. This involves studying the land cover, its dynamic changes and identifies clayey materials and iron oxides accumulations of hydrothermal alteration, present in the basin during the last three decades to explain their evolution. It aims to obtain new geospatial variables in order to understand the possible causes of channel variation, developing mapping to a later research stage using hydraulic modeling so as to mitigate the impact of periodic floods. In this way, it has used processed and exploited images of TM, ETM +, OLI and TIRS remote sensing, taken in a period between 1993 and 2014 which it has been compared with bathymetric profiles, GPS, monitoring and sampling data collected in the field . It has done a prospective study about the variables obtained condition on hydraulic modeling, roughness in particular, proposing IX a complete methodological framework about the integration of the three techniques: geographic information systems, remote sensing and modeling hydraulics