Distributed Data Management in 2020?

Work on distributed data management commenced shortly after the introduction of the relational model in the mid-1970's. 1970's and 1980's were very active periods for the development of distributed relational database technology, and claims were made that in the following ten years centralized databases will be an “antique curiosity” and most organizations will move toward distributed database managers [1]. That prediction has certainly become true, and all commercial DBMSs today are distributed.

Puente de ferrocarril sobre el Mittellandkanal en Braunschweig

The bridge over the Mittellandkanal is located in the municipality of Braunschweig, a city of Low Saxony located in Mid-North Germany, between Berlin and Hannover, 50 km away from this last city. The city of Braunschwig has 248.867 inhabitants (December 2010). The orography of the zone is practically even, with some slopes in the surrounding area, with a no important variation of the ground elevation, characterized by a big uniformity and a great visual quality. In this zone the canal flows from west to east, from the Dortmundkanal until the Elbe river, so it has a length of 325,3 km. The normal flora from the zone is farmland with some little forests not very big and not very important. But the Mittellandkanal lies at the North of Brauschweig, that means that in the zone of the canal there is a change between the urban area and the rural area. For this reason in the zone of the bridge we start to find farmlands and forest, however the constructions and buildings are still present in this area. The railway line that is going to be built will unite the North-center of Germany with the North-East of Germany because some of the following factors: •Overstress of the only existing line in the moment that connects Berlin with the North-East extreme of Germany. •No direct connection with the North-Easth Germany with other important German cities from South and West of Germany. •Replacement of the old existing one way line in the area that has to be renewed. •Modernization of the old railway lines of Germany. Schedule order by the European Union and the German Government. The actual lines of the zone do not have the necessary conditions and characteristics to satisfy the demand of the travelers that want to travel all over Germany with the railway avoiding using other transports like plan or car. For these reasons the necessity of the replacement of the old railway line and the aim to create a union with the North-East Germany that has a deficit of transport infrastructures and connections with the rest of the country and Europe. Although the new railway line provokes some disadvantages when constructing it is indispensable to build this railway line. The pass of the railway line through Braunschweig has not been random. The zone Braunschweig-Wolfsburg is a very industrialized area because of some companies like Wolkswagen and too because this zone is an important pass of important line from Berlin, South and East Germany. For all of these reasons the railway line goes through Braunschweig and connects to the city of Wolfsburg first, and after the North-East Germany zone.

Modelling Human Displacement through Movement Surfaces.

This paper introduces a new approach for predicting people displacement by means of movementsurfaces. These surfaces can allow the simulation of a person?s movement through the use of semanticmovement concepts such as those making up the environment, the people who are moving, eventsthat describe a human activity, and time of occurrences. In order to represent this movement we havetransformed the trajectory of a person or group of persons into a raindrop path over a surface. As araindrop flows over a surface looking for the maximum slopes, people flow over the landscapelooking for the maximum utility. The movement surfaces are the response to a chained succession of events describing the way a person moves from one destination to another passing through the mostaffine trajectory to his interest. The three construction phases of this modelling approach (exploration,reasoning and prediction) are presented in this paper. The model was implemented in Protégé and aJava application was developed to generate the movement surface based on a recreational scenario.The results had shown the opportunity to apply our approach to optimise the accessibility of recreational areas according to the preferences of the users of that location.

¿Tenía Alejandro de la Sota doble nacionalidad?

Tanto Alejandro de la Sota como Peter Zumthor se han mantenido a una distancia prudencial respecto a las épocas que les ha tocado vivir, compartiendo ambos una elegancia casi estoica que se hace tangible en la levedad de sus obras. En ocasiones se ha calificado a la arquitectura de Alejandro de la Sota como “ligera”. Preferiremos utilizar a partir de ahora el término “leve”. Leve como ausencia de “gravedad”, no solo desde el punto de vista físico y gravitatorio, sino también como aquello que no duele, silencioso, humilde…. Leve porque el proyecto no “carga” con el gesto del autor, porque la relación entre los objetivos y el esfuerzo que supone alcanzarlos resulta coherente. Leve porque se libera del peso de la historia y de los prejuicios, sometiéndose al duro y silencioso ejercicio de “cuestionar” lo que otros han asumido sin más. En los croquis iniciales de Alejandro de la Sota para el Gimnasio Maravillas (1961) y el realizado por Peter Zumthor para la Bruder Klaus Field Chapel (2007) notamos cómo ambos arquitectos se deshacen de sus propios gestos gracias a la construcción. Es ella quien asume la responsabilidad del proyecto. De esta manera “claridad” y “necesidad”, actúan como marcadores de la levedad proyectual. Una agradable sensación de “sin esfuerzo” o “facilidad aparente”, surge cuando recordamos cómo el proyecto para las aulas de la Universidad de Sevilla (1972) se construyó con los planos de concurso (1/100) y las instrucciones sobre cómo se ponían en contacto los elementos constructivos. Paralelamente, esta “prefabricación de ideas” aparece en la Capilla de Alemania, donde tampoco se necesitaron detalles constructivos, únicamente las precisas instrucciones que fueron dictadas por el arquitecto. Detalles como el techo del Gobierno Civil de Tarragona (1954-57) nos llevan a pensar en las soluciones que fijan el vidrio en techos y fachada en el Kunsthaus de Bregenz (1990-97). ¿Conocería Peter Zumthor los escritos de Sota en defensa de lo que el llamaba arquitectura “física” cuando, en el año 2000, diseñó el proyecto para el Pabellón Suizo en la Exposición de Hannover? Alejandro de la Sota no necesita utilizar piedra del lugar para dar al edificio de Correos en León un carácter “imponente”, sólo trabajar la chapa de la manera adecuada. Tampoco Peter Zumthor necesita diseñar un vidrio aposta para la fachada de Bregenz. Es la precisión de ambos arquitectos quien les permite acercarse a un concepto tan “inasible” como el que les pone en relación.