El litoral como espacio productivo. El caso de Cartagena

El litoral ha constituido a lo largo de la historia una importante fuente de recursos económicos además de un área estratégica para la defensa del territorio. Durante el siglo XIX, en paralelo al proceso de industrialización y sin perder su valor defensivo, el litoral resurge como fuente de recursos económicos y productivos con un alto grado de accesibilidad vinculado al transporte marítimo, y como elemento de ocio y disfrute personal (baños de mar y deportes náuticos). Estas transformaciones económicas y sociales van a provocar un cambio significativo en la relación entre el hombre y la costa respaldado por la transformación del marco normativo: el valor estratégico de la costa dará lugar desde el origen del derecho civil moderno, a la recuperación del concepto de Dominio Público Marítimo Terrestre, así como a la regulación de usos y limitaciones a la propiedad litoral. Desde la triple perspectiva del litoral como sistema físico natural, económico cultural y administrativo y legal, el principal objetivo de la presente comunicación será señalar las pautas en el proceso de transformación del litoral consecuencia de la evolución en la forma de producción del espacio, de área defensiva a recurso productivo, y desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta el día de hoy en la costa de Cartagena. Además de la antigüedad en el origen del desarrollo de algunas de las principales actividades económicas vinculadas al litoral (industria pesquera y del salazón, extracción minera y actividad comercial y defensiva con base en el Puerto de Cartagena), destacan algunos hechos significativos que ponen de manifiesto el interés de este tramo de costa como laboratorio de operaciones en el diseño de modelos de explotación del litoral: Bahía de Portmán, Valle de las Escombreras, CITN de la Manga del Mar Menor y San Ginés, Campo de Cartagena, etc.

Influence of PH3 exposure on silicon substrate morphology in the MOVPE growth of III-V on silicon multijunction solar cells

Dual-junction solar cells formed by a GaAsP or GaInP top cell and a silicon bottom cell seem to be attractive candidates to materialize the long sought-for integration of III-V materials on silicon for photovoltaic applications. One of the first issues to be considered in the development of this structure will be the strategy to create the silicon emitter of the bottom subcell. In this study, we explore the possibility of forming the silicon emitter by phosphorus diffusion (i.e. exposing the wafer to PH3 in a MOVPE reactor) and still obtain good surface morphologies to achieve a successful III-V heteroepitaxy as occurs in conventional III-V on germanium solar cell technology. Consequently, we explore the parameter space (PH3 partial pressure, time and temperature) that is needed to create optimized emitter designs and assess the impact of such treatments on surface morphology using atomic force microscopy. Although a strong degradation of surface morphology caused by prolonged exposure of silicon to PH3 is corroborated, it is also shown that subsequent anneals under H-2 can recover silicon surface morphology and minimize its RMS roughness and the presence of pits and spikes.

Synthetic strategy of porous ZnO and CdS nanostructures doped ferroelectric liquid crystal and its optical behavior

A simple and scalable chemical approach has been proposed for the generation of 1-dimensional nanostructures of two most important inorganic materials such as zinc oxide and cadmium sulfide. By controlling the growth habit of the nanostructures with manipulated reaction conditions, the diameter and uniformity of the nanowires/nanorods were tailored. We studied extensively optical behavior and structural growth of CdS NWs and ZnO NRs doped ferroelectric liquid crystal Felix-017/100. Due to doping band gap has been changed and several blue shifts occurred in photoluminescence spectra because of nanoconfinement effect and mobility of charges.

Molecular dynamics modeling and simulation of void growth in two dimensions

The mechanisms of growth of a circular void by plastic deformation were studied by means of molecular dynamics in two dimensions (2D). While previous molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in three dimensions (3D) have been limited to small voids (up to ≈10 nm in radius), this strategy allows us to study the behavior of voids of up to 100 nm in radius. MD simulations showed that plastic deformation was triggered by the nucleation of dislocations at the atomic steps of the void surface in the whole range of void sizes studied. The yield stress, defined as stress necessary to nucleate stable dislocations, decreased with temperature, but the void growth rate was not very sensitive to this parameter. Simulations under uniaxial tension, uniaxial deformation and biaxial deformation showed that the void growth rate increased very rapidly with multiaxiality but it did not depend on the initial void radius. These results were compared with previous 3D MD and 2D dislocation dynamics simulations to establish a map of mechanisms and size effects for plastic void growth in crystalline solids.

The Territorial Dimension: The Component of Business Strategy that Prevents the Generation of Social Conflicts

Taking advantage of economic opportunities has led to numerous conflicts between society and business in various geographies of the world. Companies have developed social responsibility programs to prevent and manage these types of problems. However, some authors comment that these programs lack a strategic vision. Starting with the Working with People model, created for the field of rural development planning, this paper proposes a methodology to prevent the generation of social conflicts from business strategy: the territorial dimension. The proposal emphasizes that local development support prevents the generation of social conflicts. Finally, an experience in Peru, a country that has been characterized in recent years by high economic growth and also by the presence of social conflicts that have stopped entrepreneurship is analyzed.