Mapa de susceptibilidad a la caída de bloques en la sierra de la Cabrera (Madrid)

El objetivo de este proyecto es el estudio y creación de un mapa de susceptibilidad al alcance por caída de bloques en la Sierra de la Cabrera, provincia de Madrid. Por lo cual se ha realizado, primero, un reconocimiento de campo in situ y, a continuación, un estudio morfométrico del área, empleando sistemas de información geográfica (ArcGIS), así como un análisis cualitativo de las características estructurales de las discontinuidades seleccionando aquellas más determinantes para favorecer el desprendimiento de un bloque rocoso y aportar la información suficiente que permita evaluar la susceptibilidad. El análisis se ha llevado a cabo partiendo de los datos estructurales obtenidos en campo y cotejados con los realizados en otros trabajos. Así se han podido delimitar distintas áreas fuente, donde se puede producir el desprendimiento, y el perímetro de alcance a través de un modelo geométrico. A partir de este modelo, se determinarán las zonas de posible afección, generando una cartografía de susceptibilidad para el área de estudio. ABSTRACT The aim of this project is to study and create a susceptibility map of rockfalling reach in the Sierra de la Cabrera, Madrid. To achieve this goal it is been made, firstly, a field trip and, then, a morphometric study of the area, using geographic information systems (ArcGIS), and also a qualitative analysis of the structural characteristics of the discontinuities choosing those decisives contributing to the rock block’s detach and to provide enough information to evaluate the susceptibility. The analysis is been carried out using structural data got on field and from other studies. In this way, there have been defined different source areas, where rockfalling can occur, and a reaching perimeter using a geometric model. For this model, affected areas can be established and a susceptibility map can be created for the studied area.

Estudio acústico del auditorio Rafael Frühbeck, Burgos

El presente proyecto desarrolla un estudio acústico del recinto: Auditorio Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, cumpliendo con las indicaciones exigidas por la norma UNE-EN ISO 3382-1: 2010, “Medición de parámetros acústicos en recintos, Parte 1: Salas de Espectáculos”. Se desarrollan dos estudios acústicos sobre el mismo recinto. En el primero de ellos, el recinto está configurado para la realización de eventos tales como conferencias o congresos, donde la inteligibilidad de la palabra es un factor determinante. En el segundo estudio, el recinto se configura para espectáculos musicales como conciertos de orquesta sinfónica o música de cámara. En esta configuración, la palabra ya no es tan determinante como la correcta interpretación y disfrute de la música por parte de la audiencia. Para ambas configuraciones del recinto se ha realizado un procesado estadístico de los datos con el fin de obtener un valor único de cada parámetro acústico estudiado. De esta forma, se comparan los resultados para ambas configuraciones, y se evalúan los valores obtenidos de cada uno de los parámetros acústicos con el fin de conocer si se adecuan a las necesidades acústicas exigidas por el tipo de evento desarrollado. Además, se ha construido un modelo geométrico del recinto por ordenador, para ambas configuraciones acústicas, haciendo uso del software profesional de predicción y simulación acústica EASE. Se realiza un estudio acústico sobre el modelo geométrico mediante simulación, siguiendo las pautas llevadas a cabo durante la medición “in situ”. Los resultados obtenidos por simulación se comparan con los obtenidos de las mediciones “in situ”, para estudiar la validación del modelo geométrico. El parámetro acústico elegido para validar el modelo, en un primer momento, será el tiempo de reverberación. Si se consigue una buena validación del modelo geométrico, este puede ser utilizado para realizar predicciones acústicas mediante simulación, cuando un sistema de refuerzo sonoro sea utilizado dentro del recinto. El sistema de refuerzo sonoro ubicado en el recinto sometido a estudio, no ha sido utilizado en el presente proyecto. ABSTRACT. The present projects carry out an acoustic study of enclosure: Rafael Frühbeck Concert Hall, in Burgos, fulfilling the indications demanded by the standard UNE-EN ISO 3382-1:2010 “Measurement of room acoustic parameters – Part 1: Performance spaces. Two acoustics studies are developed on the same enclosure. In first of them, the enclosure is formed for the accomplishment of events such as conferences or congresses, where speech intelligibility is a determining factor. In the second study, the enclosure forms for musical performances like concerts of symphony orchestra or chamber music. In this acoustic configuration, speech intelligibility is not as determining as the correct interpretation and enjoyment of music in audience areas. For both configurations of the enclosure, a statistical processing of the data has been realised with the purpose of obtaining a unique value of each studied acoustic parameter. In this way, the results for both configurations are compared, and the obtained values of each one of the acoustic parameters are evaluated with the purpose of knowing if they are adapted to the acoustic needs demanded by the type of developed event. In addition, a geometric model of the enclosure has been constructed by computer, for both acoustic configurations; making use of the professional software of prediction and acoustical simulation, EASE. An acoustic study is developed on the geometric model by means of simulation, following the rules carried out during the measurement “in situ”. The results obtained by simulation are compared with the obtained ones from the measurement “in situ”, to study the validation of the geometric model. Initially the acoustic parameter chosen to validate the model is Reverberation Time. If a good validation of the geometric model is reached, it can be used to realize acoustic predictions by simulation, when a sound reinforcement system is used within the enclosure. The sound reinforcement system located in the enclosure under study has not been used in the present project.

Synchronization waves in geometric networks

We report synchronization of networked excitable nodes embedded in a metric space, where the connectivity properties are mostly determined by the distance between units. Such a high clustered structure, combined with the lack of long-range connections, prevents full synchronization and yields instead the emergence of synchronization waves. We show that this regime is optimal for information transmission through the system, as it enhances the options of reconstructing the topology from the dynamics. Measurements of topological and functional centralities reveal that the wave-synchronization state allows detection of the most structurally relevant nodes from a single observation of the dynamics, without any a priori information on the model equations ruling the evolution of the ensemble

Analysis of the geometric altimetry to support aircraft optimal profiles within future 4D trajectory management

The use of barometric altimetry is to some extent a limiting factor on safety, predictability and efficiency of aircraft operations, and reduces the potential of the trajectory based operations capabilities. However, geometric altimetry could be used to improve all of these aspects. Nowadays aircraft altitude is estimated by applying the International Standard Atmosphere which differs from real altitude. At different temperatures for an assigned barometric altitude, aerodynamic forces are different and this has a direct relationship with time, fuel consumption and range of the flight. The study explores the feasibility of using sensors providing geometric reference altitude, in particular, to supply capabilities for the optimization of vertical profiles and also, their impact on the vertical Air Traffic Management separation assurance processes. One of the aims of the thesis is to assess if geometric altitude fulfils the aeronautical requirements through existing sensors. Also the thesis will elaborate on the advantages of geometric altitude over the barometric altitude in terms of efficiency for vertical navigation. The evidence that geometric altitude is the best choice to improve the efficiency in vertical profile and aircraft capacity by reducing vertical uncertainties will also be shown. In this paper, an atmospheric study is presented, as well as the impact of temperature deviation from International Standard Atmosphere model is analyzed in order to obtain relationship between geometric and barometric altitude. Furthermore, an aircraft model to study aircraft vertical profile is provided to analyse trajectories based on geometric altitudes.

On a mathematical model arising in MHD perturbed equilibrium for Stellarator devices. A numerical approach.

Abstract?We consider a mathematical model related to the stationary regime of a plasma of fusion nuclear, magnetically confined in a Stellarator device. Using the geometric properties of the fusion device, a suitable system of coordinates and averaging methods, the mathematical problem may be reduced to a two dimensional free boundary problem of nonlocal type, where the corresponding differential equation is of the Grad?Shafranov type. The current balance within each flux magnetic gives us the possibility to define the third covariant magnetic field component with respect to the averaged poloidal flux function. We present here some numerical experiences and we give some numerical approach for the averaged poloidal flux and for the third covariant magnetic field component.

Geometric documentation of the flour factory "El Puente Colgante" in Aranjuez (Madrid).

The goal of this communication is to offer, through computer-aided design tools, a methodology to recover and virtually reconstruct disappeared buildings of our industrial historical heritage. It will be applied to the case of the flour factory "El Puente Colgante" (The Suspended Bridge) in Aranjuez, which was demolished in 2001. The process is as follows: After a historical analysis of the evolution in time of the flour factory, a field work provides data allowing an info graphic reconstruction of the factory. Once this information has been processed, a lifting of the current state is made with AutoCAD, and a three-dimensional model is built with the Rhinoceros application. Then images of the ensemble are obtained with the applications Rhinoceros and V-Ray, ending with a postproduction with Photoshop. The proposed methodology has permitted to obtain a three-dimensional model of the flour factory ?El Puente Colgante? in Aranjuez, with an accurate virtual reconstruction of its original state prior to demolition. The procedure exposed is susceptible to be generalized for any other example of industrial architecture.

Geometric Study of the Weak Equilibrium in a Weighted Case for a Two-Dimensional Competition Game

In this work, an improvement of the results presented by [1] Abellanas et al. (Weak Equilibrium in a Spatial Model. International Journal of Game Theory, 40(3), 449-459) is discussed. Concretely, this paper investigates an abstract game of competition between two players that want to earn the maximum number of points from a finite set of points in the plane. It is assumed that the distribution of these points is not uniform, so an appropriate weight to each position is assigned. A definition of equilibrium which is weaker than the classical one is included in order to avoid the uniqueness of the equilibrium position typical of the Nash equilibrium in these kinds of games. The existence of this approximated equilibrium in the game is analyzed by means of computational geometry techniques.

Analysis of the geometric altimetry to support aircraft optimal trajectories within the future 4d trajectory management

Over the past few years, the common practice within air traffic management has been that commercial aircraft fly by following a set of predefined routes to reach their destination. Currently, aircraft operators are requesting more flexibility to fly according to their prefer- ences, in order to achieve their business objectives. Due to this reason, much research effort is being invested in developing different techniques which evaluate aircraft optimal trajectory and traffic synchronisation. Also, the inefficient use of the airspace using barometric altitude overall in the landing and takeoff phases or in Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) trajectories where currently it is necessary introduce the necessary reference setting (QNH or QFE). To solve this problem and to permit a better airspace management born the interest of this research. Where the main goals will be to evaluate the impact, weakness and strength of the use of geometrical altitude instead of the use of barometric altitude. Moreover, this dissertation propose the design a simplified trajectory simulator which is able to predict aircraft trajectories. The model is based on a three degrees of freedom aircraft point mass model that can adapt aircraft performance data from Base of Aircraft Data, and meteorological information. A feature of this trajectory simulator is to support the improvement of the strategic and pre-tactical trajectory planning in the future Air Traffic Management. To this end, the error of the tool (aircraft Trajectory Simulator) is measured by comparing its performance variables with actual flown trajectories obtained from Flight Data Recorder information. The trajectory simulator is validated by analysing the performance of different type of aircraft and considering different routes. A fuel consumption estimation error was identified and a correction is proposed for each type of aircraft model. In the future Air Traffic Management (ATM) system, the trajectory becomes the fundamental element of a new set of operating procedures collectively referred to as Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO). Thus, governmental institutions, academia, and industry have shown a renewed interest for the application of trajectory optimisation techniques in com- mercial aviation. The trajectory optimisation problem can be solved using optimal control methods. In this research we present and discuss the existing methods for solving optimal control problems focusing on direct collocation, which has received recent attention by the scientific community. In particular, two families of collocation methods are analysed, i.e., Hermite-Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto collocation and the pseudospectral collocation. They are first compared based on a benchmark case study: the minimum fuel trajectory problem with fixed arrival time. For the sake of scalability to more realistic problems, the different meth- ods are also tested based on a real Airbus 319 El Cairo-Madrid flight. Results show that pseudospectral collocation, which has shown to be numerically more accurate and computa- tionally much faster, is suitable for the type of problems arising in trajectory optimisation with application to ATM. Fast and accurate optimal trajectory can contribute properly to achieve the new challenges of the future ATM. As atmosphere uncertainties are one of the most important issues in the trajectory plan- ning, the final objective of this dissertation is to have a magnitude order of how different is the fuel consumption under different atmosphere condition. Is important to note that in the strategic phase planning the optimal trajectories are determined by meteorological predictions which differ from the moment of the flight. The optimal trajectories have shown savings of at least 500 [kg] in the majority of the atmosphere condition (different pressure, and temperature at Mean Sea Level, and different lapse rate temperature) with respect to the conventional procedure simulated at the same atmosphere condition.This results show that the implementation of optimal profiles are beneficial under the current Air traffic Management (ATM).

Spatial analysis of geometric design consistency and road sight distance

Because of the high number of crashes occurring on highways, it is necessary to intensify the search for new tools that help in understanding their causes. This research explores the use of a geographic information system (GIS) for an integrated analysis, taking into account two accident-related factors: design consistency (DC) (based on vehicle speed) and available sight distance (ASD) (based on visibility). Both factors require specific GIS software add-ins, which are explained. Digital terrain models (DTMs), vehicle paths, road centerlines, a speed prediction model, and crash data are integrated in the GIS. The usefulness of this approach has been assessed through a study of more than 500 crashes. From a regularly spaced grid, the terrain (bare ground) has been modeled through a triangulated irregular network (TIN). The length of the roads analyzed is greater than 100 km. Results have shown that DC and ASD could be related to crashes in approximately 4% of cases. In order to illustrate the potential of GIS, two crashes are fully analyzed: a car rollover after running off road on the right side and a rear-end collision of two moving vehicles. Although this procedure uses two software add-ins that are available only for ArcGIS, the study gives a practical demonstration of the suitability of GIS for conducting integrated studies of road safety.