Estudio de la capacidad de arranque de una dinamita gelatinosa frente a una dinamita de seguridad

The objective of this project is to show that the permissible explosive called 20 SR is able to pull out the coal in the normal conditions of blasting in a satisfactory way and to set up the equivalence between the 20 SR and gelatin dynamite (Goma 2 ECO). To achieve this goal some blasting were done, changing the conditions of the blasting and the powder factor for the 20 SR. To analyze the fragmentation base on the analysis of the images of the rock blasted, a commercial software was used. The results from this analysis were compared with the results from the theoretical model for fragmentation created by Kuz – Ram. After all, it was showed that the 20 SR explosive is able to pull out the coal for different coal rock compositions. As the result of this project we can conclude that the 20 SR seems to be able to pull out the coal in normal blasting conditions, using the powder factor as a proportion of the “ballistic mortar” between the two explosives.

Estudio de la capacidad de arranque de una dinamita gelatinosa frente a una dinamita de seguridad

El presente proyecto pretende demostrar que el explosivo de seguridad 20 SR es capaz de arrancar el carbón de forma satisfactoria en las condiciones de disparo habituales y establecer la equivalencia práctica de dicho explosivo con una dinamita gelatinosa (Goma 2ECO). Para conseguir este objetivo se realizaron una serie de voladuras, variando las condiciones de disparo y los consumos específicos de la dinamita de seguridad. Se utilizó un software de análisis fotográfico para el estudio de la fragmentación en la pila y también se compararon los resultados obtenidos con el modelo teórico de fragmentación de Kuz – Ram. Los resultados demostraron la capacidad de arranque de la dinamita de seguridad, para diferentes composiciones de carbón. Del estudio parece deducirse que la dinamita de seguridad 20 SR es capaz de arrancar el carbón en condiciones de disparo habituales utilizando un consumo específico proporcional a la relación de la potencia del péndulo balístico de ambos explosivos. ABSTRACT The objective of this project is to show that the permissible explosive called 20 SR is able to pull out the coal in the normal conditions of blasting in a satisfactory way and to set up the equivalence between the 20 SR and gelatin dynamite (Goma 2 ECO). To achieve this goal some blasting were done, changing the conditions of the blasting and the powder factor for the 20 SR. To analyze the fragmentation base on the analysis of the images of the rock blasted, a commercial software was used. The results from this analysis were compared with the results from the theoretical model for fragmentation created by Kuz – Ram. After all, it was showed that the 20 SR explosive is able to pull out the coal for different coal rock compositions. As the result of this project we can conclude that the 20 SR seems to be able to pull out the coal in normal blasting conditions, using the powder factor as a proportion of the “ballistic mortar” between the two explosives.

Fungal biodeterioration of colour cinematographic films of the cultural heritage of Cuba

Until recently, cinematographic film was largely cellulose-triacetate-based. However, this material is highly susceptible to biodeterioration, thus placing historic film collections, an important part of the cultural heritage of many countries, at risk. In the present study, samples taken from several biodeteriorated color cinematographic films belonging to the collection of the Cuban Institute for Cinematographic Industry and Arts (ICAIC) were investigated. Infrared spectroscopy showed that all films were of the same composition, i.e., a gelatin emulsion coating one side of a cellulose-triacetate-based film support. The films were analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine the degree of biodeterioration and the type of colonizing microorganisms. Significant fungal colonization was found on both sides of the films in all samples, with a higher concentration of fungi on the gelatin emulsion side. Epifluorescence microscopy of fluorochrome-dyed films demonstrated that some of the fungi were still active, indicating that the films under study, and probably others at the ICAIC, are at risk of further deterioration. Fungi were identified by molecular biology techniques. The fungi mainly responsible for the observed biodeterioration were those belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Cladosporium, although other genera, such as Microascus and Penicillium, were identified as well. In accordance with the findings described herein, the existing guidelines for the prevention and control of film biodeterioration are discussed.