El mundo lúdico en la literatura de Rabelais: la obra Gargantua y el repertorio de juegos del capítulo XXII de la edición 1542

En el presente estudio de tesis doctoral analizamos un texto literario francés del siglo XVI en el que aparecen 217 juegos. Como valor añadido se trata de parte de un texto reconocido mundialmente por la Literatura Universal como es el Gargantua de François Rabelais. A tenor de la conocida y famosa definición de Gimnasia establecida por Francisco de Amorós y Ondeano allá por 1830 en su Manuel d'éducation physique, gymnastique et morale, uno de los objetos de estudio en nuestra ciencia es la relación de nuestros movimientos con nuestras costumbres. Para ello indudablemente debemos recurrir a todo tipo de fuentes, escritas, orales o de otro tipo, para analizarlas. “La gimnasia es la ciencia razonada de nuestros movimientos, de sus relaciones con nuestros sentidos, nuestra inteligencia, nuestros sentimientos, nuestras costumbres y el desarrollo de todas nuestras facultades...” Costumbres, tradición e historia, en definitiva, que se contrasta con los medios utilizados en su análisis, herramientas TIC como son librerías digitales, buscadores de textos y palabras. A través del análisis de textos de diversa índole hemos ido obteniendo datos sobre los juegos. Estas fuentes han sido novelas, diccionarios, enciclopedias y ensayos desde el siglo XIV hasta obras contemporáneas. Se ha realizado un análisis estadístico de estas fuentes lo que ha dado a este estudio otro valor añadido desde un punto de vista metodológico. El resultado del estudio se ha plasmado en una colección de fichas creadas a partir de un estudio comparativo de diferentes fichas de juegos de autores de relevancia. ABSTRACT Gymnastics is the reasoned science of our movements, of its relations with our senses, our intelligence, our feelings, our customs and the development of all our faculties… In accordance with the all known famous definition of Gymnastics that established Don Francisco de Amorós and Ondeano in 1830 in his Manuel d'éducation physique, gymnastique et morale, one of the objects of study in our science is the relation of our movements with our customs. For it doubtlessly we must resort to all type of sources, written, oral or of another type, to analyze them. In the present doctoral thesis study we analyzed a French literary text of the XVI th century in which they appear 217 games. As added value treats world-wide from a recognized text by Universal Literature as it is the Gargantua of François Rabelais. Customs, tradition and history, really, that are resisted with means used in its analysis, TIC tools as they are digital libraries and tools to seek texts and words. Through text analysis of diverse nature we have been collecting data on the games. These sources have been novels, dictionaries, encyclopedias and tests from century XIV to contemporary works. A statistical analysis of these sources has been made which has given to this study another value added from a methodological point of view. The result of the study has been resumed in index cards created from a comparative cards study from different relevant authors.

Rocks are human beings: researching the humanizing metaphor in earth science scientific texts

This paper describes a corpus-based analysis of the humanizing metaphor and supports that constitutive metaphor in science and technology may be highly metaphorical and active. The study, grounded in Lakoff’s Theory of Metaphor and in Langacker’s relational networks, consists of two phases: firstly, Earth Science metaphorical terms were extracted from databases and dictionaries and, then, contextualized by means of the “Wordsmith” tool in a digitalized corpus created to establish their productivity. Secondly, the terms were classified to disclose the main conceptual metaphors underlying them; then, the mappings and the relational networks of the metaphor were described. Results confirm the systematicity and productivity of the metaphor in this field, show evidence that metaphoricity of scientific terms is gradable, and support that Earth Science metaphors are not only created in terms of their concrete salient properties and attributes, but also on abstract human anthropocentric projections.

Entorno histórico y social de la aparición del microchip

El siguiente proyecto es un desarrollo histórico-científico acerca de la notoria importancia que supuso la aparición del microchip o circuito integrado1. El desarrollo de este trabajo ha sido una investigación bibliográfica en contenidos webs, enciclopedias y libros. El trabajo contiene un estudio sobre los transistores que fue el componente que dio paso al circuito integrado además de ser uno de los mayores inventos del siglo XX, además, se propone una pequeña inmersión a la época histórica del momento de la aparición del transistor. Al igual que con el transistor, se hace un estudio acerca del circuito integrado, pero en este caso siendo más extenso ya que es el objeto de estudio de este PFC. Para este componente sí que podemos encontrar una explicación más exhaustiva acerca de su fabricación, materiales. Además también podemos encontrar el momento históricosocial de la época bajo estudio. Para finalizar con el proyecto, se hace un breve repaso de los ejemplos de aplicación del circuito integrado y así poder hacer hincapié de la revolución tecnológica que supuso el descubrimiento del microchip. ABSTRACT. The following work is a historical and scientific development regarding the fundamental importance the emergence of the microchip. The development of this work has consisted of a bibliographic research of web contents, encyclopedias and books. The paper contains a study about the transistors, component that propitiated the integrated circuit and was one of the most important inventions of the XXth century. Also is proposed a short historical immersion in the time that preceded the coming of the transistor. As well as with the transistor, a study of the integrated circuit is carried out, yet with deeper insight, for that is the central aim of this Final Project report. For this component a more exhaustive explanation of its manufacture process, materials and theories can be provided. Also, the historical and social of that time is described. To complete the report, a brief review is done about examples of applications of the integrated circuit and thus highlight the technological revolution that the microchip development brought.

Integrating WordNet and Wiktionary with lemon

Nowadays, there is a significant quantity of linguistic data available on the Web. However, linguistic resources are often published using proprietary formats and, as such, it can be difficult to interface with one another and they end up confined in “data silos”. The creation of web standards for the publishing of data on the Web and projects to create Linked Data have lead to interest in the creation of resources that can be published using Web principles. One of the most important aspects of “Lexical Linked Data” is the sharing of lexica and machine readable dictionaries. It is for this reason, that the lemon format has been proposed, which we briefly describe. We then consider two resources that seem ideal candidates for the Linked Data cloud, namely WordNet 3.0 and Wiktionary, a large document based dictionary. We discuss the challenges of converting both resources to lemon , and in particular for Wiktionary, the challenge of processing the mark-up, and handling inconsistencies and underspecification in the source material. Finally, we turn to the task of creating links between the two resources and present a novel algorithm for linking lexica as lexical Linked Data.

Metaphor and Genre: An Approach to improve the learning process of English for Aeronautics

This study suggests a theoretical framework for improving the teaching/ learning process of English employed in the Aeronautical discourse that brings together cognitive learning strategies, Genre Analysis and the Contemporary theory of Metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson 1980; Lakoff 1993). It maintains that cognitive strategies such as imagery, deduction, inference and grouping can be enhanced by means of metaphor and genre awareness in the context of content based approach to language learning. A list of image metaphors and conceptual metaphors which comes from the terminological database METACITEC is provided. The metaphorical terms from the area of Aeronautics have been taken from specialised dictionaries and have been categorised according to the conceptual metaphors they respond to, by establishing the source domains and the target domains, as well as the semantic networks found. This information makes reference to the internal mappings underlying the discourse of aeronautics reflected in five aviation accident case studies which are related to accident reports from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and provides an important source for designing language teaching tasks. La Lingüística Cognitiva y el Análisis del Género han contribuido a la mejora de la enseñanza de segundas lenguas y, en particular, al desarrollo de la competencia lingüística de los alumnos de inglés para fines específicos. Este trabajo pretende perfeccionar los procesos de enseñanza y el aprendizaje del lenguaje empleado en el discurso aeronáutico por medio de la práctica de estrategias cognitivas y prestando atención a la Teoría del análisis del género y a la Teoría contemporánea de la metáfora (Lakoff y Johnson 1980; Lakoff 1993). Con el propósito de crear recursos didácticos en los que se apliquen estrategias metafóricas, se ha elaborado un listado de metáforas de imagen y de metáforas conceptuales proveniente de la base de datos terminológica META-CITEC. Estos términos se han clasificado de acuerdo con las metáforas conceptuales y de imagen existentes en esta área de conocimiento. Para la enseñanza de este lenguaje de especialidad, se proponen las correspondencias y las proyecciones entre el dominio origen y el dominio meta que se han hallado en los informes de accidentes aéreos tomados de la Junta federal de la Seguridad en el Transporte (NTSB)