Servicio de asesoramiento de análisis biomecánico para futbolistas profesionales

El objeto principal de estudio del trabajo que presentamos se basa en proporcionar un servicio de asesoramiento dirigido a futbolistas profesionales, semiprofesionales y amateur a través del análisis biomecánico. El servicio se lleva a cabo en el Laboratorio de Biomecánica del INEF de Madrid y evalúa la carrera de velocidad (sprint), el golpeo y la actividad muscular mediante electromiografía (EMG), aunque en el presente trabajo se describe únicamente la evaluación y resultados del análisis del sprint. La muestra analizada estuvo formada por 16 jugadores profesionales de fútbol, perteneciente al 2º equipo del Rayo Vallecano S.A.D. (pertenecientes al 7º grupo de 3º División-Comunidad de Madrid). A través de fotogrametría 3D, obtuvimos las variables cinemáticas del sprint, como son el ángulo de cadera, rodilla y tobillo. De esta manera, se proporcionó una información válida sobre parámetros de rendimiento y su comparación con valores de referencia con el fin de evitar lesiones musculares, articulares u óseas y, sobre todo, evitar recidivas.

A review of risk factors for hamstring injury in soccer: a biomechanical approach

The aim has been to review the literature about the risk factors of hamstring injury in soccer from a biomechanical point of view. METHODOLOGY. Data bases of bibliography references were Medline, Scopus and SportDiscuss. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Many prospective studies have shown that the previous injury is the greatest risk factor of sustaining the injury. However the primary causes of the injury are unclear in soccer. A lack of hamstring flexibility has been one of the main injury risk factors with controversies on the results. Imbalance of isokinetic force is a risk factor but electrical coactivation of all muscles participating during knee flexion and extension are unknown in football. While the importance of lumbopelvic-hamstrings muscles synchronization during running seems to be crucial for understanding the risk of injury, no research has been developed in this topic in football. CONCLUSIONS. More research using new data recording procedures as Dynamic Scanners, Surface EMG, Inverse Dynamic Analysis are needed. The analysis of more specific movements as running, kicking or jumping is clearly required. Managers, coaches, physical trainers, physiotherapists, sport physicians and researchers should work together in order to improve the injury prevention and rehabilitation programs of football players. Key Words: sports biomechanics, soccer, hamstring injury, risk factors