Estudio de un modelo multicriterio para estudiar la viabilidad de un cultivo energético en la Península Ibérica. Aplicación a la comarca de Navalmoral de la Mata

En el presente estudio se propone una metodología para la evaluación de proyectos de implantación de cultivos energéticos, integrando una serie de factores de interés en un modelo de decisión, basado en un enfoque multicriterio. Mediante este modelo se pretende evaluar tanto los territorios más adecuados para la introducción un cultivo energético, como la especie más apropiada a los condicionantes que presenta el lugar elegido. Para este estudio se ha realizado una selección previa de cuatro especies forestales, cuyas características de crecimiento y producción las hace adecuadas para su aplicación en un proyecto de este tipo. Las cuatro especies escogidas han sido chopo, sauce, eucalipto y paulonia. La metodología propuesta ha consistido primero en un estudio ecológico en el ámbito de la Península Ibérica y Baleares, con el fin de identificar aquellas regiones óptimas para cada una de las cuatro especies estudiadas. En este proceso se han seleccionado una serie de factores climáticos, que vendrán definidos a partir de los condicionantes ecológicos de dichas especies. Posteriormente se ha propuesto un modelo multicriterio, basado en técnicas conocidas y de aplicación sencilla, donde se integran aspectos ambientales, económicos y sociales, que vendrán a completar la información ecológica trabajada previamente. Este modelo incluye la técnica de comparación por pares propuesta por el Dr. Saaty en el año 1980, para la ponderación de los factores o criterios seleccionados. Posteriormente, y tras su valoración, se utiliza la suma lineal ponderada como técnica de decisión final. Una vez definido el modelo, se ha aplicado a una comarca en particular, la comarca agraria de Navalmoral de la Mata. A partir de la información recopilada referente a todos los criterios seleccionados previamente en el modelo, se ha procedido a valorar cada uno de ellos. Con estos valores y tras la ponderación de criterios, se ha aplicado el modelo, para obtener finalmente los territorios dentro de la comarca, y las especies forestales con mayor aptitud para el desarrollo de un proyecto de implantación de cultivos energéticos. ABSTRACT A methodology has been proposed for the evaluation of projects to implement energy crops; this includes a number of factors of interest in a decision model based on a multi-criteria approach. This model is to evaluate both the most suitable territories for introducing an energy crop, as the most appropriate species to the conditions presented by the place chosen For this study has made a preliminary selection of four species, with characteristics of growth and production, what making them suitable for use in a project of this type. The four species selected were poplar, willow, eucalyptus and paulownia. The proposed methodology consists first in an ecological study in the context of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, in order to identify those best regions for each of the four species studied. In this process has selected a series of climatic factors, which will be defined from the ecological conditions of these species. Then we have proposed a multi-criteria model based on known techniques and simple application where are integrated environmental, economic and social aspects, which will complement the ecological information previous. This model includes the technique proposed by Dr. Saaty in 1980, the weighting by pairs of factors or criteria selected. Then, after valuation, the weighted linear sum as final decision technique is used. After defining the model has been applied to a particular region, the agrarian region of Navalmoral de la Mata. From the information collected concerning to the criteria previously selected in the model, we proceeded to value each. With these values and assigned weights, the model has been applied to finally get the territories and forest species with greater aptitude for the development of a project to implement energy crops.

Using ecological niche models to support tree species selection for forest restoration planning in largely deforested regions

Species selection for forest restoration is often supported by expert knowledge on local distribution patterns of native tree species. This approach is not applicable to largely deforested regions unless enough data on pre-human tree species distribution is available. In such regions, ecological niche models may provide essential information to support species selection in the framework of forest restoration planning. In this study we used ecological niche models to predict habitat suitability for native tree species in "Tierra de Campos" region, an almost totally deforested area of the Duero Basin (Spain). Previously available models provide habitat suitability predictions for dominant native tree species, but including non-dominant tree species in the forest restoration planning may be desirable to promote biodiversity, specially in largely deforested areas were near seed sources are not expected. We used the Forest Map of Spain as species occurrence data source to maximize the number of modeled tree species. Penalized logistic regression was used to train models using climate and lithological predictors. Using model predictions a set of tools were developed to support species selection in forest restoration planning. Model predictions were used to build ordered lists of suitable species for each cell of the study area. The suitable species lists were summarized drawing maps that showed the two most suitable species for each cell. Additionally, potential distribution maps of the suitable species for the study area were drawn. For a scenario with two dominant species, the models predicted a mixed forest (Quercus ilex and a coniferous tree species) for almost one half of the study area. According to the models, 22 non-dominant native tree species are suitable for the study area, with up to six suitable species per cell. The model predictions pointed to Crataegus monogyna, Juniperus communis, J.oxycedrus and J.phoenicea as the most suitable non-dominant native tree species in the study area. Our results encourage further use of ecological niche models for forest restoration planning in largely deforested regions.

Use of Biological Motion based Cues and Ecological Sounds in the Neurorehabilitation of Apraxia

Technological progress in the area of informatics and human interface platforms create a window of opportunities for the neurorehablitation of patients with motor impairments. The CogWatch project (www.cogwatch.eu) aims to create an intelligent assistance system to improve motor planning and execution in patients with apraxia during their daily activities. Due to the brain damage caused by cardiovascular incident these patients suffer from impairments in the ability to use tools, and to sequence actions during daily tasks (such as making breakfast). Based on the common coding theory (Hommel et al., 2001) and mirror neuron primate research (Rizzolatti et al., 2001) we aim to explore use of cues, which incorporate aspects of biological motion from healthy adults performing everyday tasks requiring tool use and ecological sounds linked to the action goal. We hypothesize that patients with apraxia will benefit from supplementary sensory information relevant to the task, which will reinforce the selection of the appropriate motor plan. Findings from this study determine the type of sensory guidance in the CogWatch interface. Rationale for the experimental design is presented and the relevant literature is discussed.

Modelling ecological cognitive rehabilitation therapies for building virtual environments in brain injury

Brain Injury (BI) has become one of the most common causes of neurological disability in developed countries. Cognitive disorders result in a loss of independence and patients? quality of life. Cognitive rehabilitation aims to promote patients? skills to achieve their highest degree of personal autonomy. New technologies such as virtual reality or interactive video allow developing rehabilitation therapies based on reproducible Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), increasing the ecological validity of the therapy. However, the lack of frameworks to formalize and represent the definition of this kind of therapies can be a barrier for widespread use of interactive virtual environments in clinical routine.