Efecto de las heladas sobre la capacidad germinativa de bellotas de encina

Un aspecto clave para lograr la regeneración de dehesas y montes bajos, los sistemas más extensos de aprovechamiento de la encina en España, son las características fisiológicas de la bellota. Se analizó la capacidad germinativa de bellotas procedentes de 15 encinas (familias) en dehesa y 15 familias en monte bajo de la misma finca, tras someterlas en laboratorio a heladas de distinta intensidad (-3ºC, -6ºC, -9ºC, -12ºC, -15ºC). Las bellotas procedentes de dehesa tuvieron una capacidad germinativa menor y con mayor variabilidad entre familias, aunque heladas incluso moderadas (-6ºC) afectaron en mayor medida a la germinación de las bellotas de montes bajos, si bien la reducción fue ya generalizada (60% en todas las familias); tras la exposición a -12ºC o inferior, la germinación fue residual en todos los casos. Se concluye que bajas temperaturas son un factor limitante para la regeneración de la encina en el interior de la península Ibérica.

Reduction of Nutrient Losses with Eroded Sediments by Post-Fire Soil Stabilisation Techniques

After an experimental fire in steep shrub land in a temperate–humid region (north-west Spain), the effects of two post-fire stabilisation treatments (grass seeding and straw mulching) on the chemical properties of eroded sediments,and the amount of nutrients lost with them, we reevaluated relative to control burnt soil, over a period of 13 months. Total C and N concentrations, and d 13 C, indicated that sediments were mainly contributed by charred plant and litter material. The highest concentrations of extractable base cations in the sediments occurred during the first 3 months following fire, especially for Na and K. As treatments had little or no effect on nutrient concentration in sediments, differences in nutrient losses were due to the 10-fold lower sediment production in mulching compared with other treatments. In control and seeding treatments, the accumulated amounts of nutrients lost with sediments were 989–1028kgha 1 (C), 77kgha 1 (N), 1.9–2.4kgha 1 (Ca), 0.9–1.1kgha 1 (Mg), 0.48–0.55kgha 1 (NH 4 þ –N), 0.39–0.56kgha 1 (K), 0.19–0.34kgha 1 (Na) and , 0.1kgha 1 (P and NO 3 –N) . These values accounted for 22–25% (total C and N) and 5–12% (NH 4 þ –N, Ca, P and Mg) of available nutrients in ash, and 1.0–2.4% of those in ash þ topsoil. As nutrient and sediment losses were strongly correlated, the reduction of the latter by mulching application leads to an effective decrease of post-fire nutrient losses.

Impact of fire and post-fire management techniques on soil chemical properties

The effects of fire ( Control burned soil) and two emergency stabilisation techniques (grass Seeding and straw Mulching ) on 20 chemical characteristics were evaluated on 0 – 5 cm top-soils sampled 1, 90, 180 and 365 days after an experimental fi re in a steep shrubland of a temperate-humid region (NW Spain). Most part of pH (in H 2 O and KCl) variance was explained by the sampling date. No clear temporal trends were identi fi able for total soil C and N content, likely due to the large SOM pool in these soils; however, changes on soil δ 13 C were explained by the deposition of 13 C-depleted ashes, followed by its progressive erosion, while those on soil δ 15 N were a consequence of fi re induced N outputs. After the fi re, NH 4 + – N, P, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn and B concentrations increased, while those of NO 3 − – N, Al, Fe and Co did not vary significantly. Despite a significant decline with time, concentrations of Mg, Ca and Mn at the end of the study were still higher than in unburned soil, while those of K, Cu, Zn and B were similar to the pre-fire levels and those of NH 4 + – N, P and Na were below pre-fire values. Mulching and Seeding treatments for burned soil emergency stabilisation had significant effects on soil δ 15 N and extractable K, Mg and Ca, while data were inconclusive for their possible effects on the extractable Al, Fe and Co

Preparación física de una pareja de voley playa femenina

La realización de este trabajo sigue metodológicamente dos fases, la primera se trata de un marco teórico que analiza y justifica qué tipo de trabajo físico se realiza en Voley Playa, en qué proporción y en qué momento de la temporada. La segunda fase incluye la elaboración de una planificación basada en dicho análisis teórico; posteriormente se lleva a cabo una intervención práctica que consiste en la realización de unos test iniciales sobre las cualidades físicas específicas del Vóley Playa, la planificación de un mesociclo de entrenamiento para mejorar dichas cualidades y unos test finales para comprobar los efectos del entrenamiento aplicado.