Estudio de las redes sociales para mejorar los servicios de valor añadido en las empresas de telecomunicaciones. Propuesta de un sistema de recuperación de información de las redes sociales.

Las redes sociales en la actualidad son muy relevantes, no solo ocupan mucho tiempo en la vida diaria de las personas si no que también sirve a millones de empresas para publicitarse entre otras cosas. Al fenómeno de las redes sociales se le ha unido la faceta empresarial. La liberación de las APIs de algunas redes sociales ha permitido el desarrollo de aplicaciones de todo tipo y que puedan tener diferentes objetivos como por ejemplo este proyecto. Este proyecto comenzó desde el interés por Ericsson del estudio del API de Google+ y sugerencias para dar valores añadidos a las empresas de telecomunicaciones. También ha complementando la referencia disponible en Ericsson y de los otros dos proyectos de recuperación de información de las redes sociales, añadiendo una serie de opciones para el usuario en la aplicación. Para ello, se ha analizado y realizado un ejemplo, de lo que podemos obtener de las redes sociales, principalmente Twitter y Google+. Lo primero en lo que se ha basado el proyecto ha sido en realizar un estudio teórico sobre el inicio de las redes sociales, el desarrollo y el estado en el que se encuentran, analizando así las principales redes sociales que existen y aportando una visión general sobre todas ellas. También se ha realizado un estado de arte sobre una serie de webs que se dedican al uso de esa información disponible en Internet. Posteriormente, de todas las redes sociales con APIs disponibles se realizó la elección de Google+ porque es una red social nueva aun por explorar y mejorar. Y la elección de Twitter por la serie de opciones y datos que se puede obtener de ella. De ambas se han estudiado sus APIs, para posteriormente con la información obtenida, realizar una aplicación prototipo que recogiera una serie de funciones útiles a partir de los datos de sus redes sociales. Por último se ha realizado una simple interfaz en la cual se puede acceder a los datos de la cuenta como si se estuviera en Twitter o Google+, además con los datos de Twitter se puede realizar una búsqueda avanzada con alertas, un análisis de sentimiento, ver tus mayores retweets de los que te siguen y por último realizar un seguimiento comparando lo que se comenta sobre dos temas determinados. Con este proyecto se ha pretendido proporcionar una idea general de todo lo relacionado con las redes sociales, las aplicaciones disponibles para trabajar con ellas, la información del API de Twitter y Google+ y un concepto de lo que se puede obtener. Today social networks are very relevant, they not only take a long time in daily life of people but also serve millions of businesses to advertise and other things. The phenomenon of social networks has been joined the business side. The release of the APIs of some social networks has allowed the development of applications of all types and different objectives such as this project. This project started from an interest in the study of Ericsson about Google+ API and suggestions to add value to telecommunications companies. This project has complementing the reference available in Ericsson and the other two projects of information retrieval of social networks, adding a number of options for the user in the application. To do this, we have analyzed and made an example of what we can get it from social networks, mainly Twitter and Google+. The first thing that has done in the project was to make a theoretical study on the initiation of social networks, the development and the state in which they are found, and analyze the major social networks that exist. There has also been made a state of art on a number of websites that are dedicated to the use of this information available online. Subsequently, about all the social networks APIs available, Google+ was choice because it is a new social network even to explore and improve. And the choice of Twitter for the number of options and data that can be obtained from it. In both APIs have been studied, and later with the information obtained, make a prototype application to collect a number of useful features from data of social networks. Finally there has been a simple interface, in which you can access the account as if you were on Twitter or Google+. With Twitter data can perform an advanced search with alerts, sentiment analysis, see retweets of who follow you and make comparing between two particular topics. This project is intended to provide an overview of everything related to social networks, applications available to work with them, information about API of Google+ and Twitter, and a concept of what you can get.

Biokerosene from coconut, babassu, camelina and palm kernel oils: production and properties of their blends with fossil kerosene

On December 20th 2006 the European Commission approved a law proposal to include the civil aviation sector in the European market of carbon dioxide emission rights [European Union Emissions Trading System, EUETS). On July 8th 2009, the European Parliament and Conseil agreed that all flights leaving or landing in the EU airports starting from January 1st 2012 should be included in the EUETS. On November 19th 2008, the EU Directive 2008/101/CE [1] included the civil aviation activities in the EUETS, and this directive was transposed by the Spanish law 13/2010 of July 5th 2010 [2]. Thus, in 2012 the aviation sector should reduce their emissions to 97 % of the mean values registered in the period 2004-2006, and for 2013 these emission reductions should reach 95 % of the mean values for that same period. Trying to face this situation, the aviation companies are planning seriously the use of alternative jet fuels to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and to lower their costs. However, some US airlines have issued a lawsuit before the European Court of Justice based in that this EU action violates a long standing worldwide aviation treaty, the Chicago convention of 1944, and also the Chinese aviation companies have rejected to pay any EU carbon dioxide tax [3]. Moreover, the USA Departments of Agriculture and Energy and the Navy will invest a total of up to $150 million over three years to spur production of aviation and marine biofuels for commercial and military applications [4]. However, the jet fuels should fulfill a set of extraordinarily sensitive properties to guarantee the safety of planes and passengers during all the flights.

Algoritmos de decisión para priorizar las acciones de restauración en el mantenimiento de redes

En la actualidad, cualquier compañía de telecomunicaciones que posea su propia red debe afrontar el problema del mantenimiento de la misma. Ofrecer un mínimo de calidad de servicio a sus clientes debe ser uno de sus objetivos principales. Esta calidad debe mantenerse aunque ocurran incidencias en la red. El presente trabajo pretende resolver el problema de priorizar el orden en que se restauran los cables, caminos y circuitos, dañados por una incidencia, dentro de una red troncal de transporte perteneciente a una operadora de telecomunicaciones. Tras un planteamiento detallado del problema y de todos los factores que influirán en la toma de decisión, en primer lugar se acomete una solución basada en Métodos Multicriterio Discretos, concretamente con el uso de ELECTRE I y AHP. A continuación se realiza una propuesta de solución basada en Redes Neuronales (con dos aproximaciones diferentes al problema). Por último se utiliza un método basado en la Optimización por Enjambre de Partículas (PSO), adaptado a un problema de permutación de enteros (ordenación), y con una forma particular de evaluar la mejor posición global del enjambre. Complementariamente se realiza una exposición de lo que es una empresa Operadora de telecomunicaciones, de sus departamentos y procesos internos, de los servicios que ofrece, de las redes sobre las que se soportan, y de los puntos clave a tener en cuenta en la implementación de sus sistemas informáticos de gestión integral. ABSTRACT: Nowadays, any telecommunications company that owns its own network must face the problem of maintaining it (service assurance). Provide a minimum quality of service to its customers must be one of its main objectives. This quality should be maintained although any incidents happen to occur in the network. This thesis aims to solve the problem of prioritizing the order in which the damaged cables, trails, path and circuits, within a backbone transport network, should be restored. This work begins with a detailed explanation about network maintenance issues and all the factors that influence decision-making problem. First of all, one solution based on Discrete Multicriteria methods is tried (ELECTRE I and AHP algorithms are used). Also, a solution based on neural networks (with two different approaches to the problem) is analyzed. Finally, this thesis proposes an algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), adapted to a problem of integers permutation, and a particular way of evaluating the best overall position of the swarm method. In addition, there is included an exhibition about telecommunications companies, its departments, internal processes, services offered to clients, physical networks, and key points to consider when implementing its integrated management systems.

Despliegue FTTH: evolución de las redes de banda ancha fijas hacia la fibra óptica

En este Proyecto se va a abordar el estudio, tanto de arquitectura como de tecnologías, de la evolución de las redes de banda ancha fijas, desde la invención del teléfono hasta la progresiva implantación de la fibra óptica, debido a que las redes de cobre serán reemplazadas por este nuevo material. Se va a estudiar esta evolución en base al medio físico en el que se apoyan las diferentes redes desde el pasado hasta nuestros días. Esta implantación de fibra óptica es conocida como FTTH, fibra hasta el hogar, donde se despliegan estas redes con sus diferentes elementos para proporcionar servicio de banda ancha a la sociedad. En esta memoria se recoge el despliegue para diferentes escenarios tipo más comunes y llevados a cabo por las diferentes compañías de telecomunicaciones del país. Para ello se ha escogido la cartografía del distrito madrileño de Moratalaz y se ha procedido a diseñar tanto la red de alimentación como la red de distribución que conforman el despliegue FTTH. Por último se ha comentado las futuras líneas de evolución de estas redes, tanto a corto plazo como a largo, analizando los beneficios económicos para las diferentes compañías encargadas de los despliegues y los mejorados servicios que ofrecen al conjunto de la sociedad. ABSTRACT. This Project will address the study of the evolution of fixed broadband networks, mainly in architectures and technologies. The study will start from the invention of telephone to the progressive implantation of optical fiber since this medium are intended to replace the copper wires employed in this networks. It will study this evolution based on the physical medium in which the different networks are supported from the past to our times. This implantation of fiber-optic technology is known as FTTH, fiber to the home, so these networks are deployed with different elements in order to provide the broadband service to society. In this report, deployment for different common cases implanted by different telecommunications companies in the country is collected. For this it has chosen the cartography of Moratalaz and has proceeded to design the supply and distribution networks that compose the FTTH deployment. Finally, it has been discussed the future lines of the evolution for these networks in the short-term and long-term analyzing the economic benefits for the companies and the improved services provided to the whole society.

Governance Structure Choices in Supply Chain Management Evidence from Spanish and Chinese Pork Chain Cases

The author participated in the 6 th EU Framework Project ―Q-pork Chains (FP6-036245-2)‖ from 2007 to 2009. With understanding of work reports from China and other countries, it is found that compared with other countries, China has great problems in pork quality and safety. By comparing the pork chain management between China and Spain, It is found that the difference in governance structure is one of the main differences in pork chain management between Spain and China. In China, spot-market relationship still dominates governance structure of pork chain, especially between the numerous house-hold pig holders and the great number of small slaughters. While in Spain, chain agents commonly apply cooperatives or integrations to cooperate. It also has been proven by recent studies, that in quality management at the chain level that supply chain integration has a direct effect on quality management practices (Han, 2010). Therefore, the author started to investigate the governance structure choices in supply chain management. And it has been set as the first research objective, which is to explain the governance structure choices process and the influencing factors in supply chain management, analyzing the pork chains cases in Spain and in China. During the further investigation, the author noticed the international trade of pork between Spain and China is not smooth since the signature of bi-lateral agreement on pork trade in 2007. Thus, another objective of the research is to find and solve the problems exist in the international pork chain between Spain and China. For the first objective, to explain the governance structure choices in supply chain management, the thesis conducts research in three main sections. 10 First of all, the thesis gives a literature overview in chapter two on Supply Chain Management (SCM), agri-food chain management and pork chain management. It concludes that SCM is a systems approach to view the supply chains as a whole, and to manage the total flow of goods inventory from the supplier to the ultimate customer. It includes the bi-directional flow of products (materials and services) and information, and the associated managerial and operational activities. And it also is a customer focus to create unique and individual source of customer value with an appropriate use of resources, leading to customer satisfaction and building competitive chain advantages. Agri-food chain management and pork chain management are applications of SCM in agri-food sector and pork sector respectively. Then, the research gives a comparative study in chapter three in the pork chain and pork chain management between Spain and China. Many differences are found, while the main difference is governance structure in pork chain management. Furthermore, the author gives an empirical study on governance structure choice in chapter five. It is concluded that governance structure of supply chain consists of a collection of rules/institutions/constraints structuring the transactions between the various stakeholders. Based on the overview on literatures closely related with governance structure, such as transaction cost economics, transaction value analysis and resource-based view theories, seven hypotheses are proposed, which are: Hypothesis 1: Transaction cost has positive relationship with governance structure choice Hypothesis 2: Uncertainty has positive relationship with transaction cost; higher uncertainty exerts high transaction cost Hypothesis 3: The relationship between asset specificity and transaction cost is positive Hypothesis 4: Collaboration advantages and governance structure choice have positive relationship11 Hypothesis 5: Willingness to collaborate has positive relationship with collaboration advantages Hypothesis 6: Capability to collaborate has positive relationship with collaboration advantages Hypothesis 7: Uncertainty has negative effect on collaboration advantages It is noted that as transaction cost value is negative, the transaction cost mentioned in the hypotheses is its absolute value. To test the seven hypotheses, Structural Equation Model (SEM) is applied and data collected from 350 pork slaughtering and processing companies in Jiangsu, Shandong and Henan Provinces in China is used. Based on the empirical SEM model and its results, the seven hypotheses are proved. The author generates several conclusions accordingly. It is found that the governance structure choice of the chain not only depends on transaction cost, it also depends on collaboration advantages. Exchange partners establish more stable and more intense relationship to reduce transaction cost and to maximize collaboration advantages. ―Collaboration advantages‖ in this thesis is defined as the joint value achieved through transaction (mutual activities) of agents in supply chains. This value forms as improvements, mainly in mutual logistics systems, cash response, information exchange, technological improvements and innovative improvements and quality management improvements, etc. Governance structure choice is jointly decided by transaction cost and collaboration advantages. Chain agents take different governance structures to coordinate in order to decrease their transaction cost and to increase their collaboration advantages. In China´s pork chain case, spot market relationship dominates the governance structure among the numerous backyard pig farmer and small family slaughterhouse 12 as they are connected by acquaintance relationship and the transaction cost in turn is low. Their relationship is reliable as they know each other in the neighborhood; as a result, spot market relationship is suitable for their exchange. However, the transaction between large-scale slaughtering and processing industries and small-scale pig producers is becoming difficult. The information hold back behavior and hold-up behavior of small-scale pig producers increase transaction cost between them and large-scale slaughtering and processing industries. Thus, through the more intense and stable relationship between processing industries and pig producers, processing industries reduce the transaction cost and improve the collaboration advantages with their chain partners, in which quality and safety collaboration advantages be increased, meaning that processing industries are able to provide consumers products with better quality and higher safety. It is also drawn that transaction cost is influenced mainly by uncertainty and asset specificity, which is in line with new institutional economics theories developed by Williamson O. E. In China´s pork chain case, behavioral uncertainty is created by the hold-up behaviors of great numbers of small pig producers, while big slaughtering and processing industries having strong asset specificity. On the other hand, ―collaboration advantages‖ is influenced by chain agents´ willingness to collaborate and chain agents´ capabilities to cooperate. With the fast growth of big scale slaughtering and processing industries, they are more willing to know and make effort to cooperate with their chain members, and they are more capable to create joint value together with other chain agents. Therefore, they are now the main chain agents who drive more intense and stable governance structure in China‘s pork chain. For the other objective, to find and solve the problems in the international pork chain between Spain and China, the research gives an analysis in chapter four on the 13 international pork chain. This study gives explanations why the international trade of pork between Spain and China is not sufficient from the chain perspective. It is found that the first obstacle is the high quality and safety requirement set by Chinese government. It makes the Spanish companies difficult to get authorities to export. Other aspects, such as Spanish pork is not competitive in price compared with other countries such as Denmark, United States, Canada, etc., Chinese consumers do not have sufficient information on Spanish pork products, are also important reasons that Spain does not export great quantity of pork products to China. It is concluded that China´s government has too much concern on the quality and safety requirements to Spanish pork products, which makes trade difficult to complete. The two countries need to establish a more stable and intense trade relationship. They also should make the information exchange sufficient and efficient and try to break trade barriers. Spanish companies should consider proper price strategies to win the Chinese pork market