Health and safety in the construction : subject pending to be included in the curriculum of architecture in Spain

The art of construction is a risky activity that directly affects the life and physical integrity of persons. Since the approval of Law 31/1995, of November 8, Prevention of Occupational Risks was the first legislation that established the current basis in all sectors and then transposed into Spanish law Directive 92/57/CEE called Royal Decree 1627/1997 of October 24, on minimum safety and health dispositions in construction works, measures have been proposed to develop a mixed body of scientific literature composed of researchers and professionals in the field of occupational safety and health, but even today there is still no clear and firm proposal, showing a lack of awareness in the occupational risk prevention and, therefore, a consolidation of the culture of prevention in society. Therefore, the technicians, who make up the building process, can incur in very high responsibilities, such as: Author of the project, Coordinator of Safety and Health during the preparation of the project and during the execution of works, Site Management: Site Manager. This involves the immediate creation of a general training in prevention for all architects starting when still studying, as well as specific training, appropriate and complementary to all the architects that will be devoted to the specialty of occupational safety and health in construction works. That is, first, we must make the responsible bodies aware of the urgent need to integrate risk prevention in the curricula of architecture and later in the continuing education of the profession. It is necessary that our teaching must conform to the laws on safety and health, due to the fact that the law recognizes our academic degrees and professional qualifications to perform functions in that area

Safety and health in forest harvesting operations. Diagnosis and preventive actions. A review

Aim of study: to review the present state of the art in relation to the main labour risks and the most relevant results of recent studies evaluating the safety and health conditions of the forest harvesting work and better ways to reduce accidents. Area of study: It focuses mainly on developed Countries, where the general concern about work risks prevention, together with the complex idiosyncrasy of forest work in forest harvesting operations, has led to a growing interest from the forest scientific and technical community. Material and Methods: The main bibliographic and Internet references have been identified using common reference analysis tools. Their conclusions and recommendations have been comprehensively summarized. Main results: Collection of the principal references and their most important conclusions relating to the main accident risk factors, their causes and consequences, the means used towards their prevention, both instrumental as well as in the aspects of training and business management, besides the influence of the growing mechanization of logging operations on those risks. Research highlights: Accident risk is higher in forest harvesting than in most other work sectors, and the main risk factors such as experience, age, seasonality, training, protective equipment, mechanization degree, etc. have been identified and studied. The paper summarizes some relevant results, one of the principal being that the proper entrepreneurial risk management is a key factor leading to the success in minimizing labour risks..

Evaluation of noise environments during daily activities of university students

Noise conditions specifically in areas inside university facilities and its impact on the quality of life of university students aretopics that have received little attention. In this paper, a study of the noise conditions in which university students of various institutions in Madrid carry out their daily studies. A representative number of measurements were carried out using noise dosemeters and dataloggers in order to evaluate the levels of noise, noise dose and exposure to noise during study period and extracurricular activities. The results obtained in these measurements were compared with the recommendations given by current environmental noise regulations.This paper was complemented with a survey to get to know how students perceive the exposure to noise inuniversity environments.

Optimización de la figura del técnico coordinador de seguridad y salud en obras de edificación

La figura del Coordinador de seguridad y salud, como técnico necesario y competente dentro de la actividad edificatoria, surge en España el día 25 de diciembre de 1997, dos meses después de la publicación del Real Decreto 1627/1997, de 24 de octubre, por el que se establecen las disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y salud en las obras de construcción (BOE sábado 25 de octubre de 1997). Dicha figura proviene de la trasposición española de la Directiva 92/57/CEE y como en nuestro país, los diferentes estados miembros de la Unión Europea la introducen en su sector de la construcción de diferentes maneras. Desde su concreta aparición ya han transcurrido casi dieciocho años. Esta “mayoría de edad” relativa a la presencia de los coordinadores dentro de las obras, puede considerarse ya un plazo suficiente, para detenerse y efectuar un estudio desde los diferentes puntos de vista que afectan a dicha figura. Se pretende con el presente estudio optimizar integralmente dicha figura. Para ello se estudia su situación actual en nuestro país. De dicho estudio se establece la estructura de la figura del coordinador, definida en cinco apartados que cubren todos sus aspectos. Junto con el estudio de los mismos, se realizan otros análisis en relación con su funcionamiento en nuestro entorno inmediato (los diferentes miembros de la UE-28), así como otros determinados a definir aspectos necesarios para evaluar su implantación, gestión y responsabilidades adquiridas por los técnicos coordinadores de seguridad en España, a través de su actividad desarrollada tras los dieciocho años de implantación. Completa el estudio su actualidad inmediata y se focaliza en un entorno suficiente para determinar su utilidad. Todo ello, con la finalidad de elevar unas conclusiones que unidas a las necesarias propuestas de actuación, nos permitan concretar la optimización de la figura estudiada. ABSTRACT The figure of the Safety and Health Coordinator, both as a necessary and competent technician within the building activity, was established in Spain on December 25th, 1997, just two months after the publishing of the Real Decreto (Royal Decree) 1627/1997 of 24 October, which implemented the minimum requirements for safety and health in construction sites (BOE Saturday, October 25, 1997). The above mentioned figure develops from the Spanish transposition of Directive 92/57/EEC. And as it has happened in Spain, the rest of the EU members have implemented it in the construction sector in various ways. Almost eighteen years have passed since its enactment. This lapse of time can be considered satisfactory to stop at this point and carry out a study on this new position in construction sites but taking into account different points of view that affect it. The present dissertation attempts to fully optimize the figure of the Safety and Health Coordinator by undertaking a research of its current situation in Spain. This study establishes the organizational structure of the Coordinator’s figure, covering all its aspects in five main headings. Alongside with the study of these five sections, further analyses have been carried out in relation to their performance in our immediate surroundings (the research has been extended to different members of the EU-28). Likewise, different studies have been made to determine the necessary aspects to assess the implementation, management and responsibilities acquired by these Safety and Health Coordinators throughout the last eighteen years. This study is completed with the immediate present and focuses on assess and determine its utility in the future. All this with the aim of raising some conclusions that along with the necessary proposals for action, will allow us to achieve the optimization of the studied figure.