Compatibilidad de Betunes Modificados con SBS en Función de la Estructura del Betún

Los betunes modificados con polímeros (BMP) son ampliamente utilizados en la pavimentación de carreteras sometidas a gran afluencia de vehículos y a condiciones extremas de temperatura. La presencia de polímero en contacto con el betún amplía notablemente el intervalo de temperaturas en las que el betún mantiene sus prestaciones. En general los betunes modificados con polímero presentan un aumento significativo de la resistencia a la deformación permanente en el intervalo de elevadas temperaturas, sin que su compo rtamiento sufra deterioro a bajas temperaturas. Cuando un polímero se añade al betún tiene lugar su hinchamiento a partir de las moléculas de aromáticos ligeros presentes en el betún. A bajas concentraciones de polímero, aparece una morfología bifásica en la que una fase rica en polímero se dispersa en una matriz malténica enriquecida en asfaltenos. La existencia de esta estructura bifásica es la llave que controla la mejora en las propiedades de los BMP en relación al betún puro. En la literatura existen muchos trabajos dedicados a investigar las propiedades y morfología de los BMP, sin embargo en pocos se hace referencia a la influencia de la estructura del betún. Este trabajo está enfocado a relacionar la estructura/composición del betún con la compatibilidad del sistema SBS/betún/azufre. Para ello se han elegido cuatro betunes de distinta procedencia denominados, A17, A500, M18, M170, que mezclados convenientemente han sido utilizados en la preparación de betún modificado con SBS y vulcanizado con azufre. La fracción en peso de SBS, en relación al contenido de betún, ha sido del 3%. Se han determinado propiedades tales como viscosidad, penetración y temperatura anillo-bola, así como la estabilidad en almacenamiento a elevada temperatura. Finalmente la estabilidad de estos sistemas se ha analizado en función de la estructura y la composición de los betunes utilizados en su preparación

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Improves the Functional Properties of Cardiac Mesoangioblasts

Cell-based therapy is a promising approach for many diseases, including ischemic heart disease. Cardiac mesoangioblasts are committed vessel-associated progenitors that can restore to a significant, although partial, extent, heart structure and function in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a noninvasive form of mechanical energy that can be delivered into biological tissues as acoustic pressure waves, and is widely used for clinical applications including bone fracture healing. We hypothesized that the positive effects of LIPUS on bone and soft tissue, such as increased cell differentiation and cytoskeleton reorganization, could be applied to increase the therapeutic potential of mesoangioblasts for heart repair. In this work, we show that LIPUS stimulation of cardiac mesoangioblasts isolated from mouse and human heart results in significant cellular modifications that provide beneficial effects to the cells, including increased malleability and improved motility. Additionally, LIPUS stimulation increased the number of binucleated cells and induced cardiac differentiation to an extent comparable with 5´-azacytidine treatment. Mechanistically, LIPUS stimulation activated the BMP-Smad signalling pathway and increased the expression of myosin light chain-2 together with upregulation of β1 integrin and RhoA, highlighting a potentially important role for cytoskeleton reorganization. Taken together, these results provide functional evidence that LIPUS might be a useful tool to explore in the field of heart cell therapy

Composition, potential emissions and agricultural value of pig slurry from Spanish commercial farms

Pig slurry is a valuable fertilizer for crop production but at the same time its management may pose environmental risks. Slurry samples were collected from 77 commercial farms of four animal categories (gestating and lactating sows, nursery piglets and growing pigs) and analyzed for macronutrients, micronutrients, heavy metals and volatile fatty acids. Emissions of ammonia (NH3) and biochemical methane potential (BMP) were quantified. Slurry electrical conductivity, pH, dry matter content and ash content were also determined. Data analysis included an analysis of correlations among variables, the development of prediction models for gaseous emissions and the analysis of nutritional content of slurries for crop production. Descriptive information is provided in this work and shows a wide range of variability in all studied variables. Animal category affected some physicochemical parameters, probably as a consequence of different slurry management and use of cleaning water. Slurries from gestating sows and growing pigs tended to be more concentrated in nutrients, whereas the slurry from lactating sows and nursery piglets tended to be more diluted. Relevant relationships were found among slurry characteristics expressed in fresh basis and gas emissions. Predictive models using on-farm measurable parameters were obtained for NH3 (R2 = 0.51) and CH4