Potential to attract drivers out of their cars in dense urban areas.

Purpose Sustainable mobility urban policies intend reducing car use and increasing walking, cycling and public transport. However, this transfer from private car to these more sustainable modes is only a real alternative where distances are small and the public transport supply competitive enough. This paper proposes a methodology to calculate the number of trips that can be transferred from private car to other modes in city centres. Method The method starts analyzing which kind of trips cannot change its mode (purposes, conditions, safety , etc.), and then setting a process to determine under which conditions trips made by car between given O-D pairs can be transferable. Then, the application of demand models allow to determine which trips fulfil the transferability conditions. The process test the possibility of transfer in a sequential way: firs to walking, then cycling and finally to public transport. Results The methodology is tested through its application to the city of Madrid (Spain), with the result of only some 18% of the trips currently made by car could be made by other modes, under the same conditions of trip time, and without affecting their characteristics. Out of these trips, 75% could be made by public transport, 15% cycling and 10% on foot. The possible mode to be transferred depends on the location: city centre areas are more favourable for walking and cycling while city skirts could attract more PT trips. Conclusions The proposed method has demonstrated its validity to determine the potential of transferring trips out of cars to more sustainable modes. Al the same time it is clear that, even in areas with favourable conditions for walking, cycling and PT trips, the potential of transfer is limited because cars fulfil more properly special requirements of some trips and tours.

Alfredo Payá. Alicante, Spain

In his retreat in Alicante, where he gives calm and deliverate classes at the city's new architecture school , ALFREDO PAYA ls a serene and centered architect who transmits these qualities through the buildings he constructs .

Participación directa de los trabajadores en la Siderúrgica del Orinoco 'Alfredo Maneiro', Venezuela

Esta investigación, en progreso, se propone caracterizar la participación de los trabajadores promovida en la industria siderúrgica de la región Guayana, Venezuela. Los referentes que sustentan esta investigación se orientan a las categorías de participación de los trabajadores en la toma de decisiones en empresas bajo dos vertientes principales en estudio: la democracia industrial y la gestión o dirección participativa. La investigación se desarrolla bajo una estrategia de acompañamiento a los trabajadores de las mesas de trabajo, en el marco de la Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), en particular la Sistematización de Experiencias. La ejecución de talleres de formación – investigación con la estrategia de grupos focales facilitó el intercambio de información. El período considerado, para esta fase, se refiere a los encuentros e intercambios entre octubre 2011 y marzo 2012. Los resultados de la sistematización de experiencias de participación en la Siderúrgica del Orinoco (SIDOR) se enmarcan en dimensiones asociadas al origen de la participación, las formas de participación y niveles alcanzados, distinguiendo la participación directa de la indirecta. Los productos de la sistematización comprenden el diseño del taller sobre Participación Directa, un documento síntesis y una presentación para comunicar la experiencia.