Aeronautical Information Geoservices

Aeronautical charts underlie the representation of aeronautic geographic information that supports pilots in flight. Nevertheless, charts become complex due to the high density of data and the different kinds that support each phase of flight. These features make difficult using them on board. After conducting a study that aims to understand and to evaluate pilot’s needs related to Geographic Information, it is proposed a solution to implement a platform based on geographic information standards (OGC, ISO) and supported by a distributed Web architecture. This platform facilitates the use, retrieval, updating of information and its exchange among different institutions through private and public users. As a first element to ensure interoperability and the harmonisation of information, we propose an aeronautical metadata profile that sets guidelines and elements for its description. This profile meets the standards set by ICAO, Eurocontrol and ISO. The platform offers three levels of access to data through different types of devices and user profiles. This paper suggests an alternative and reliable way for distributing aeronautical geoinformation, focusing on specific functions or displaying and querying.

Geoservices for Aeronautical Navigation

Aeronautical charts underlie the representation of aeronautic geographic information that supports pilots in flight. Nevertheless, the charts become complex due to the high density of data and the different kinds of charts that support each phase of flight. These features make difficult using them on board. After conducting a study, with civil Spaniard pilots, that aims to understand and to evaluate their needs related to Geographic Information, it is proposed a solution to implement a platform based on geographic information standards (OGC, ISO) and supported by a distributed Web architecture. This platform facilitates the use, retrieval, updating of information and its exchange among different institutions through private and public users. As a first element to ensure interoperability of information, we suggest an aeronautical metadata profile that sets guidelines and elements for its description. The metadata profile meets the standards set by ICAO, Eurocontrol and ISO. The platform offers three levels of access to data through different types of devices and user profiles. Thus, aeronautical institutions could edit data while pilot is on board accessing digital aeronautical charts through a laptop or Table PC. This paper suggests an alternative and reliable way for distributing aeronautical geoinformation, focusing on specific functions or displaying and querying.

Claves para la requerida universalización simbológica de las Cartas Aeronáuticas

The aeronautical charts are a convenient means to provide aeronautical information in a manageable, condensed, and coordinated way. Despite having an extensive regulatory legislation backed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), this kind of specialized mapping is defined by a marked symbolical disparity between the different editions published by countries and publishers. This implies not to follow the uniformity and consistency principles that ICAO have identified as essential to help ensure the safety of international civil aviation. Plans for the implementation of a global interoperability of aeronautical information require urgently rethink the way in which, so far, this information has been published and disseminated. A single, transverse, and independent symbolical specification would contribute to the generation of a well defined final-product that provides general purpose aeronautical information for an unequivocal interpretation. The contribution of this article is the verification of the real possibilities for the definition of a general specification that provides the mechanisms for a reliable, indisputable, and legible reading of aeronautical charts under any operational circumstances and conditions. Such conditions must be aligned with the specificities of any country, publishers or crew.

Diseño de la metodología para el control de la calidad de la exactitud posicional de la serie L del Centro geográfico del Ejército de Tierra (CEGET).

En este trabajo se ha evaluado la hoja correspondiente a la 1074 del Mapa Topográfico Nacional (Tahivilla) o 13-47 de la “serie L” (1:50.000) según la denominación del Centro Geográfico del Ejército de Tierra en tres formatos distintos; formato en impreso en papel, formato raster, y formato vectorial. Con este Proyecto Fin de Carrera se pretende desarrollar una metodología adecuada para el control de calidad en la exactitud posicional de la serie L del Centro Geográfico del Ejército de Tierra (C.E.G.E.T.), así como aplicar, ampliar y afianzar los conocimientos adquiridos a lo largo de los cursos de la titulación de Ingeniero Técnico en Topografía. Se debe mencionar la necesidad de realizar este tipo de controles a la cartografía editada en los distintos formatos, ya que se pueden obtener enseñanzas que afecten al flujo de producción, además de cumplir los estándares marcados por la alianza para los centros productores de cartografía de los países miembros de la OTAN. Según el estudio expuesto en este proyecto, se puede afirmar que el control de calidad de la exactitud posicional según lo recogido en el STANAG 2215, “Evaluation of land maps, aeronautical charts and digital topographic data”, la clasificación OTAN para dicha serie, es AA-M10. La hoja de “Tahivilla” se eligió por se una de las últimas editadas por el CEGET, y por responder a unas características generales representaticas de la serie L. El Proyecto Fin de Carrera, está dirigido a todos los expertos en la materia, personal docente y alumnos de Ingeniería Técnica en Topografía y alumnos de Grado en Ingeniería Geomática y Topografía. Este proyecto se realiza como parte del control de calidad que el CEGET realiza a la serie L. En concreto de la última edición publicada en el año 2010. Además, la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros en Topografía Geodesia y Cartografía mediante el convenio firmado con el CEGET, se compromete a colaborar activamente con dicho Centro en las necesidades que cada Proyecto Fin de Carrera surja de este convenio.

Frozen orbits for scientific missions using rotating tethers

We derive a semi-analytic formulation that permits to study the long-term dynamics of fast-rotating inert tethers around planetary satellites. Since space tethers are extensive bodies they generate non-keplerian gravitational forces which depend solely on their mass geometry and attitude, that can be exploited for controlling science orbits. We conclude that rotating tethers modify the geometry of frozen orbits, allowing for lower eccentricity frozen orbits for a wide range of orbital inclination, where the length of the tether becomes a new parameter that the mission analyst may use to shape frozen orbits to tighter operational constraints.

Earth Delivery of a Small NEO with an Ion Beam Shepherd

The possibility of capturing a small Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) and deliver it to the vicinity of the Earth has been recently explored by different authors. The key advantage would be to allow a cheap and quick access to the NEA for science, resource utilization and other purposes. Among the different challenges related to this operation stands the difficulty of robotically capturing the object, whose composition and dynamical state could be problematic. In order to simplify the capture operation we propose the use of a collimated ion beam ejected from a hovering spacecraft in order to maneuver the object without direct physical contact. The feasibility of a possible asteroid retrieval mission is evaluated.

Relative Dynamics and Control of an Ion Beam Shepherd Satellite

The ion beam shepherd (IBS) is a recently proposed concept for modifying the orbit and/or attitude of a generic orbiting body in a contactless manner, which makes it a candidate technology for active space debris removal. In this paper we deal with the problem of controlling the relative position of a shepherd satellite coorbiting at small separation distance with a target debris. After deriving the orbit relative motion equations including the effect of the ion beam perturbation we study the system stability and propose different control strategies.

The SIROCO Asteroid Deflection Demonstrator

There is evidence of past Near-Earth-Objects (NEOs) impacts on Earth and several studies indicating that even relatively small objects are capable of causing large local damage, either directly or in combination with other phenomena, e.g. tsunamis. This paper describes a space mission concept to demonstrate some of the key technologies to rendezvous with an asteroid and accurately measure its trajectory during and after a deflection maneuver. The mission, called SIROCO, makes use of the recently proposed ion beam shepherd (IBS) concept where a stream of accelerated plasma ions is directed against the surface of a small NEO resulting in a net transmitted deflection force. We show that by carefully selecting the target NEO a measurable deflection can be obtained in a few weeks of continuous thrust with a small spacecraft and state of the art electric propulsion hardware.