Evaluation of the mechanical properties of self compacting concrete using current estimating models. Estimating the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and modulus of rupture of self compacting concrete

This study includes an analysis of the applicability of current models used for estimating the mechanical properties of conventional concrete to self-compacting concrete. The mechanical properties evaluated are: modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and modulus of rupture. An extensive database which included the dosifications and the mechanical properties of 627 mixtures from 138 different references, was used. The models considered are: ACI, EC-2, NZS 3101:2006 (New Zealand code) and the CSA A23.3-04 (Canadian code). The precision in estimating the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength is acceptable for all models; however, all models are less precise in estimating the modulus of rupture.

Estudio sobre la resistencia y las propiedades mecánicas del hormigón autocompactante

En este trabajo se ha creado una extensa base de datos que incluye las dosificaciones y los resultados experimentales de las características mecánicas del hormigón autocompactante (HAC), lo cual ha permitido analizar de forma generalizada la influencia de varias variables en la resistencia a compresión del HAC. Las variables analizadas incluyen la influencia dei contenido y tipo de filler, la relación agua/cemento, y ia influencia deí contenido de áridos. También se ha evaluado la aplicabiiidad de los modelos de las normativas para estimar las características mecánicas dei HAC.

Mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete using conventional concrete models

The objective of this study is to analyze the applicability of current models used for estimating the mechanical properties of conventional concrete to self-consolidating concrete (SCC). The mechanical properties evaluated are modulus of elasticity, tensile strength,and modulus of rupture. As part of the study, it was necessary to build an extensive database that included the proportions and mechanical properties of 627 mixtures from 138 different references. The same models that are currently used for calculating the mechanical properties of conventional concrete were applied to SCC to evaluate their applicability to this type of concrete. The models considered are the ACI 318, ACI 363R, and EC2. These are the most commonly used models worldwide. In the first part of the study, the overall behavior and adaptability of the different models to SCC is evaluated. The specific characterization parameters for each concrete mixture are used to calculate the various mechanical properties applying the different estimation models. The second part of the analysis consists of comparing the experimental results of all the mixtures included in the database with the estimated results to evaluate the applicability of these models to SCC. Various statistical procedures, such as regression analysis and residual analysis, are used to compare the predicted and measured properties. It terms of general applicability, the evaluated models are suitable for estimating the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and modulus of rupture of SCC. These models have a rather low sensitivity, however, and adjust well only to mean values. This is because the models use the compressive strength as the main variable to characterize the concrete and do not consider other variables that affect these properties.

Estudio y análisis de la retracción de hormigones normales mediante una base de datos de ensayos unificada

El presente trabajo de investigación se plantea el estudio del fenómeno de la retracción. El fenómeno de la retracción, al igual que otras propiedades del hormigón, ha sido ampliamente divulgado, pero de un tiempo a esta parte, debido a la aparición de nuevos tipos de hormigones (autocompactantes, de altas resistencias, reciclados, etc.) se ha dejado en un segundo plano. Este segundo plano no significa que haya pasado al olvido, pues en los “nuevos hormigones” se toman los modelos de estimación de los hormigones normales como base para estimar sus propiedades, siendo, por este motivo, muy necesario reflexionar sobre si los modelos que estamos empleando son apropiados o no lo son. Este trabajo pretende, mediante la confección de una base de datos que unifica y amplía la del profesor Bazant, realizar un análisis estadístico de los datos que actualmente tenemos a nuestra disposición, y que conforman un total de 802 ensayos que abarcan desde el fenómeno el entumecimiento hasta la retracción total, pasando por la retracción autógena, con un intervalo de tiempo que abarca desde 1958 hasta 2013. Además, este trabajo realiza una revisión de los siete modelos de cálculo más empleados a la hora de estimar la deformación por retracción, analizándolos minuciosamente y superponiéndolos con los datos reales de la base anteriormente nombrada. Como conclusión, se demuestra que los modelos estudiados estiman razonablemente bien el fenómeno de la retracción, si bien no se llegan a discriminar todas las variables con la precisión esperada, siendo alguno de ellos conservador. En este sentido, se abre la puerta a insistir en un estudio más afinado de la retracción del hormigón, por dos motivos: los actuales modelos sirven de base para la estimación de los anteriormente mencionados nuevos hormigones y porque la introducción y desarrollo de aditivos que sean capaces de disminuir este fenómeno deben asentarse ambos sobre una base más sólida y precisa. Por último, deja la puerta abierta para que otros trabajos de investigación puedan realizarse, bien con la retracción, bien con otras propiedades, como el módulo de deformación, la adquisición de resistencias, etc., pues se adjunta como anexo toda la base completa con más de 20.000 datos que pueden ser de gran utilidad. The main objective of this research study is to evaluate the phenomenon of shrinkage in concrete. The phenomenon of shrinkage, as well as other properties of concrete, has been widely studied, but for a time, and due to the emergence of new types of concrete (self-compacting, high strength, recycled, etc.) it has been left in the background. Having moved to second plane did not mean that it have been abandoned, since in the "new concrete" these properties are calculated using the estimation models developed for conventional concrete, and it is for this reason, why it is important and necessary to reflect whether these models we are using are appropriate or are not. This work seeks to unify and bring up-to-date a database of experimental shrinkage results. The database is based on existing databases, especially on the last version of the database created by Professor Bazant. The database includes a total of 802 experimental results, and include results for total shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage and swelling, and over experimental studies for 1958 to 2013. The database serves as a basis for a complex and detailed statistical analysis of the data. In addition, seven commonly used shrinkage estimation models are presented and evaluated. These models are used for a thoroughly comparison analysis between the estimated results obtained using these models and the actual experimental data included in the unified database. In conclusion, it is shown that the models estimate reasonably well the shrinkage strains, although they fail to discriminate adequately some of the influencing variables, resulting in some of them being too conservative in their estimation. In this sense, the results of this work emphasis the importance and the need of addition research on the shrinkage of concrete. This is especially important considering that the existing models provide a basis for estimating the shrinkage in "new concretes", and that the increase use of shrinkage reducing additives should be based and supported by solid research in this field. Finally, this study includes an extensive and updated database that can serve for further research on shrinkage. The full database, developed as part of this work, which includes more than 20,000 data, is included in the annex of the study.