The involvement of thaumatin-like proteins in plant food cross-reactivity: a multicenter study using a specific protein microarray.

Cross-reactivity of plant foods is an important phenomenon in allergy, with geographical variations with respect to the number and prevalence of the allergens involved in this process, whose complexity requires detailed studies. We have addressed the role of thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) in cross-reactivity between fruit and pollen allergies. A representative panel of 16 purified TLPs was printed onto an allergen microarray. The proteins selected belonged to the sources most frequently associated with peach allergy in representative regions of Spain. Sera from two groups of well characterized patients, one with allergy to Rosaceae fruit (FAG) and another against pollens but tolerant to food-plant allergens (PAG), were obtained from seven geographical areas with different environmental pollen profiles. Cross-reactivity between members of this family was demonstrated by inhibition assays. Only 6 out of 16 purified TLPs showed noticeable allergenic activity in the studied populations. Pru p 2.0201, the peach TLP (41%), chestnut TLP (24%) and plane pollen TLP (22%) proved to be allergens of probable relevance to fruit allergy, being mainly associated with pollen sensitization, and strongly linked to specific geographical areas such as Barcelona, Bilbao, the Canary Islands and Madrid. The patients exhibited mayor que50% positive response to Pru p 2.0201 and to chestnut TLP in these specific areas. Therefore, their recognition patterns were associated with the geographical area, suggesting a role for pollen in the sensitization of these allergens. Finally, the co-sensitizations of patients considering pairs of TLP allergens were analyzed by using the co-sensitization graph associated with an allergen microarray immunoassay. Our data indicate that TLPs are significant allergens in plant food allergy and should be considered when diagnosing and treating pollen-food allergy.

Structural challenges in multijunction solar cells for ultra-high CPV

The paths towards high efficiency multijunction solar cells operating inside real concentrators at ultra high concentration (>1000 suns) are described. The key addressed factors comprehend: 1) the development of an optimized tunnel junction with a high peak current density (240 A/cm2) to mitigate the non-uniform light profiles created by concentrators, 2) the inclusion of highly conductive semiconductor lateral layers to minimize the effects of the non-uniform light profiles in general, and the chromatic aberration in particular; and 3) an adequate design of reliability studies to test multijunction solar cells for real operation conditions in order to determine the fragile parts in the device and improve them. These challenges are faced by means of experimental and theoretical investigation using a quasi-3D distributed circuital model.

Concentración fotovoltaica

En la última década, la electricidad de origen fotovoltaico ha experimentado un enorme crecimiento a razón de gigavatio por año, demostrando de este modo su potencial para convertirse en una fuente importante de generación eléctrica. Grosso modo, el 85% de la capacidad instalada está basada en células de silicio cristalino, ya que es la tecnología fotovoltaica más desarrollada, con eficiencias de células comerciales alrededor del 17% y que ha demostrado su buen funcionamiento en campo durante más de veinticinco años. Debido a estos altos valores de eficiencia, las células de silicio presentan poco margen de mejora, por lo que a la hora de reducir el precio de la electricidad generada con esta tecnología, sólo se puede optar por intentar reducir sus costes de producción. Por ello, con el fin de lograr el objetivo de que en las próximas décadas la electricidad fotovoltaica suponga un porcentaje significativo del suministro eléctrico (del 25% o superior), las células de lámina delgada y las de concentración competirán con las células de silicio cristalino por lograr los precios de generación eléctrica más bajos.