Optical properties of ZnMgO films grown by spray pyrolysis and their application to UV photodetection

This work presents a comprehensive optical characterization of Zn1−xMgxO thin films grown by spray pyrolysis (SP). Absorption measurements show the high potential of this technique to tune the bandgap from 3.30 to 4.11 eV by changing the Mg acetate content in the precursor solution, leading to a change of the Mg-content ranging from 0 up to 35%, as measured by transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The optical emission of the films obtained by cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence spectroscopy shows a blue shift of the peak position from 3.26 to 3.89 eV with increasing Mg incorporation, with a clear excitonic contribution even at high Mg contents. The linewidth broadening of the absorption and emission spectra as well as the magnitude of the observed Stokes shift are found to significantly increase with the Mg content. This is shown to be related to both potential fluctuations induced by pure statistical alloy disorder and the presence of a tail of band states, the latter dominating for medium Mg contents. Finally, metal–semiconductor–metal photodiodes were fabricated showing a high sensitivity and a blue shift in the cut-off energy from 3.32 to 4.02 eV, i.e., down to 308 nm. The photodiodes present large UV/dark contrast ratios (102 − 107), indicating the viability of SP as a growth technique to fabricate low cost (Zn, Mg)O-based UV photodetectors reaching short wavelengths.

Conductos prefabricados de hormigón. Cálculo de la vida útil

En este artículo se aplica el modelo de la EHE-08 de carbonatación y de penetración de cloruros a la determinación de la vida útil de conductos de hormigón utilizados en sistemas de saneamiento y drenaje. Asimismo, se presentan de forma sencilla una serie de reglas que pueden contribuir a la mejora del comportamiento de los conductos de hormigón en las condiciones de servicio más frecuentes.

Acciones mecánicas, físicas y químicas en conductos prefabricados de hormigón

Los conductos de hormigón durante su vida útil, están sometidos a un conjunto de acciones mecánicas, físicas, químicas y microbiológicas frente a las que deben de diseñarse para soportarlas sin perder sus prestaciones funcionales, de estabilidad mecánica y de estanquidad. Por tanto, las tuberías se deben diseñar y fabricar conforme con unos estándares de calidad adecuados. En este artículo se analizan las acciones mecánicas, físicas y químicas que afectan a los conductos de hormigón utilizados en sistemas de saneamiento y drenaje.

Light polarization sensitive photodetectors with m- and r-plane homoepitaxial ZnO/ZnMgO quantum wells

Homoepitaxial ZnO/(Zn,Mg)O multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown with m- and r-plane orientations are used to demonstrate Schottky photodiodes sensitive to the polarization state of light. In both orientations, the spectral photoresponse of the MQW photodiodes shows a sharp excitonic absorption edge at 3.48 eV with a very low Urbach tail, allowing the observation of the absorption from the A, B and C excitonic transitions. The absorption edge energy is shifted by ∼30 and ∼15 meV for the m- and r-plane MQW photodiodes, respectively, in full agreement with the calculated polarization of the A, B, and C excitonic transitions. The best figures of merit are obtained for the m-plane photodiodes, which present a quantum efficiency of ∼11%, and a specific detectivity D* of ∼6.4 × 1010 cm Hz1/2/W. In these photodiodes, the absorption polarization sensitivity contrast between the two orthogonal in-plane axes yields a maximum value of (R⊥/R||)max ∼ 9.9 with a narrow bandwidth of ∼33 meV.