Generación automática de la configuración de subestaciones eléctricas según el Estándar IEC 61850 a partir de una herramienta de diseño gráfico

La evolución de las redes eléctricas se dirige hacia lo que se conoce como “Smart Grids” o “Redes Eléctricas Inteligentes”. Estas “Smart Grids” se componen de subestaciones eléctricas, que a su vez se componen de unos dispositivos llamados IEDs (Dispositivos Electrónicos Inteligentes – Intelligent Electronic Devices). El diseño de IEDs se encuentra definido en la norma IEC 61850, que especifica además un Lenguaje de Configuración de Subestaciones (Substation Configuration Language SCL) para la definición de la configuración de subestaciones y sus IEDs. Hoy en día, este estándar internacional no sólo se utiliza para diseñar correctamente IEDs y asegurar su interoperabilidad, sino que también se utiliza para el diseño de otros dispositivos de la red eléctrica, como por ejemplo, medidores inteligentes. Sin embargo, aunque existe una tendencia cada vez mayor del uso de este estándar, la comprensión y el manejo del mismo resulta difícil debido al gran volumen de información que lo compone y del nivel de detalle que utiliza, por lo que su uso para el diseño de IEDs se hace tedioso sin la ayuda de un soporte software. Es por ello que, para facilitar la aplicación del estándar IEC 61850 en el diseño de IEDs se han desarrollado herramientas como “Visual SCL”, “SCL Explorer” o “61850 SCLVisual Design Tool”. En concreto, “61850 SCLVisual Design Tool” es una herramienta gráfica para el modelado de subestaciones electricas, generada mediante el uso de los frameworks Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) y Epsilon Generative Modeling Technologies (GMT) y desarrollada por el grupo de investigación SYST de la UPM. El objetivo de este proyecto es añadir una nueva funcionalidad a la herramienta “61850 Visual SCL DesignTool”. Esta nueva funcionalidad consiste en la generación automática de un fichero de configuración de subestaciones eléctricas según el estándar IEC 61850 a partir de de una herramienta de diseño gráfico. Este fichero, se denomina SCD (Substation Configuration Description), y se trata de un fichero XML conforme a un esquema XSD (XML Schema Definition) mediante el que se define el lenguaje de configuración de subestaciones SCL del IEC 61850. Para el desarrollo de este proyecto, es necesario el estudio del lenguaje para la configuración de subestaciones SCL, así como del lenguaje gráfico específico de dominio definido por la herramienta “61850 SCLVisual Design Tool”, la estructura de los ficheros SCD, y finalmente, del lenguaje EGL (Epsilon Generation Language) para la transformación y generación automática de código a partir de modelos EMF. ABSTRACT Electrical networks are evolving to “Smart Grids”. Smart Grids are composed of electrical substations that in turn are composed of devices called IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices). The design of IEDs is defined by the IEC 61850 standard, which also specifies a Substation Configuration Languaje (SCL) used to define the configuration of substations and their IEDs. Nowadays, this international standard is not only used to design properly IEDs and guarantee their interoperability, but it is also used to design different electrical network devices, such as, smart meters. However, although the use of this standard is growing, its compression as well as its management, is still difficult due to its large volume of information and its level of detail. As a result, designing IEDs becomes a tedious task without a software support. As a consequence of this, in order to make easier the application of the IEC 61850 standard while designing IEDs, some software tools have been developed, such as: “Visual SCL”, “SCL Explorer” or “61850 SCLVisual Design Tool”. In particular, “61850 SCLVisual Design Tool” is a graphical tool used to make electrical substations models, and developed with the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) and Epsilon Generative Modeling Technologies (GMT) by the research group SYST of the UPM. The aim of this project is to add a new functionality to “61850 Visual SCL DesignTool”. This new functionality consists of the automatic code generation of a substation configuration file according to the IEC 61850 standard. This file is called SCD (Substation Configuration Description), and it is a XML file that follows a XSD (XML Schema Definition) that defines the Substation Configuration Language (SCL) of the IEC 61850. In order to develop this project, it is necessary to study the Substation Configuration Language (SCL), the domain-specific graphical languaje defined by the tool “61850 SCLVisual Design Tool”, the structure of a SCD file, and the Epsilon Generation Language (EGL) used for the automatic code generation from EMF models

Looking for the Holy Grail of Software Development

The history of Software Engineering has been marked by many famous project failures documented in papers, articles and books. This pattern of lack of success has prompted the creation of dozens of software analysis, requirements definition, and design methods, programming languages, software development environments and software development processes all promoted as solving ?the software problem.? What we hear less about are software projects that were successful. This article reports on the findings of an extensive analysis of successful software projects that have been reported in the literature. It discusses the different interpretations of success and extracts the characteristics that successful projects have in common. These characteristics provide Software Project Managers with an agenda of topics to be addressed that will help ensure, not guarantee, that their software project will be successful.

Aplicación móvil y web para la gestión de lugares geolocalizados

El proyecto “Aplicación móvil y web para la gestión de lugares geolocalizados (www.midiez.com)” tiene como objetivo principal crear un repositorio de listas categorizadas de sitios para su uso en el ámbito personal o comercial. Tanto la aplicación web como la aplicación móvil desarrollada en Android tienen el propósito de gestionar listas de lugares de interés (Restaurantes, tiendas,..) o con propósitos específicos (Organización de viajes) o simplemente como una forma de anotar aquellos sitios que nos comentan y que nos gustaría visitar. El desarrollo de este proyecto además permitirá contrastar las distintas alternativas y la evolución de las distintas herramientas que se han ido desarrollando para la gestión del ocio en los últimos años desde el sistema Android y plataformas web. Todo el proyecto ha sido realizado usando software libre (PHP para el lenguaje web servidor y Java para la programación móvil). La principal finalidad desde el punto de vista del desarrollador es: aprovechar las sinergias de la programación móvil y la programación web de manera que las mismas capas de negocio de Datos sean usadas por ambas plataformas. Asimismo crear una aplicación distribuida y fácilmente escalable. Las herramientas que se han usado para desarrollar han sido: la SDK proporcionada por Google, una JDK de Java y un IDE de desarrollo Java como es Eclipse y otro similar para el desarrollo de la parte PHP. La BBDD elegida ha sido MySQL. El proyecto pretende mostrar el potencial de las aplicaciones móviles geolocalizadas desde el punto de vista del ocio y compararlas con el estado del arte actual. Por lo tanto la mayor parte del tiempo dedicado al proyecto ha sido empleado en el desarrollo de la aplicación web, la aplicación móvil y en la base de datos pero también he dedicado una pequeña parte del trabajo para realizar un estudio sobre las consecuencias que esta tecnología está teniendo en nuestros cerebros. ABSTRACT The project "Web and Mobile App for managing geolocation places” has as main objective managing of places lists in order to use them in the leisure time scope. Nowadays the use of GPS is being a constant in mobile applications so that is already part of our daily life. We used to know where we are always and at the same time we can find locations using the technology of our mobile phones. Now it is very difficult to get lost outside but also is difficult to explain somebody how to get to anywhere without using Google Maps. Google Maps, Geolocation, gps navigators, … all that kind of stuff are making our life easier and less complicated but also are making our brains lazier. Furthermore, the development of this project will use the potential of locate places into maps to avoid annotate every spot we would like to visit or a brand new restaurant. The project itself shows the location features of Google Maps combined with an places data base in order to create, and manage places lists and use them to get to them as well as to share those places with our contacts. Also, the main purpose from the point of view of the developer is to combine different programming languages and use the resulting synergies in a easily scalable and portable environment. The tools that have been used to develop are: the SDK provided by Google, one JDK Java and Java development IDE such as Eclipse and similar to the development of the PHP part. The DB has been chosen MySQL. Finally, this project aims to show, from an educational point of view, the use and potential of this technology. Thus, it has been devoted a large amount of time of the project (and, consequently, its documentation) on develop the Android app, the data base and the web app but also but also to highlight the consequences of using technology.

Weblog sobre tecnología e Internet utilizando la metodología December

Este proyecto trata el desarrollo de un weblog sobre tecnología e internet siguiendo la Metodología de December, abordando todas sus etapas e incorporando otros aspectos a la metodología que han enriquecido el proyecto hasta su resultado final. Se pretende realizar una aplicación web con la funcionalidad de un weblog centrándose tanto en la parte del usuario final como del administrador de la web. Que este weblog sirva para compartir conocimientos de forma dinámica actualizándose con frecuencia y para usuarios con inquietudes tecnologías y con mayor o menor nivel de conocimientos. Se pone especial interés en la usabilidad de la herramienta y es tenida en cuenta a lo largo de todo el ciclo de vida de la metodología. Como punto de partida para estructurar la aplicación se toma como metodología de desarrollo la metodología December enfocada al desarrollo web y como a partir de ella se da forma a lo que hoy es el proyecto completo. Se tienen en cuenta cada una de sus etapas en las cuales se va avanzando para ir completando cada pieza del desarrollo final. Se intenta también en esta memoria abordar datos más técnicos de la herramienta, desde la elección de los lenguajes utilizados hasta el diseño de la estructura de base de datos, los procesos que intervienen en la aplicación y las decisiones más subjetivas de diseño de la interface web. En todo momento se ha intentado estructurar la memoria de tal forma que resultará clara y concisa, fácil de leer. Plasmando en ella todo el proceso de realización del proyecto. ABSTRACT This project involves the development of a technology and internet weblog following the December’s Methodology, covering all stages and adding other aspects to this methodology that have enriched the project to its final result. I plan to develop a web application with the functionality of a weblog focusing on both, the end user and the webmaster. A weblog to share knowledge in a dynamic and updated way, for users concerned with technologies and different levels of expertise. Special emphasis has been made on the usability of the web tool, taking this aspect into account through the entire methodology’s life cycle. To begin the development, the application structure is based on December’s methodology focused on web development. The whole project is built from this methodology. All the stages have been taken into account to complete each part of the final development. This project deals with technical data of the web tool, from the choice of the programming languages used to the design of the database structure, the processes involved in the application and the subjective decisions of interface design. At all times I have tried to structure the report in a clear, concise and easy to read way, reflecting it in the whole process of the project.

Sistema domótico controlado por mensajería instantánea Whatsapp para personas con discapacidad

El presente PFC tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de un gestor domótico basado en el dictado de voz de la red social WhatsApp. Dicho gestor no solo sustituirá el concepto dañino de que la integración de la domótica hoy en día es cara e inservible sino que acercará a aquellas personas con una discapacidad a tener una mejora en la calidad de vida. Estas personas, con un simple comando de voz a su aplicación WhatsApp de su terminal móvil, podrán activar o desactivar todos los elementos domóticos que su vivienda tenga instalados, “activar lámpara”, “encender Horno”, “abrir Puerta”… Todo a un muy bajo precio y utilizando tecnologías OpenSource El objetivo principal de este PFC es ayudar a la gente con una discapacidad a tener mejor calidad de vida, haciéndose independiente en las labores del hogar, ya que será el hogar quien haga las labores. La accesibilidad de este servicio, es por tanto, la mayor de las metas. Para conseguir accesibilidad para todas las personas, se necesita un servicio barato y de fácil aprendizaje. Se elige la red social WhatsApp como interprete, ya que no necesita de formación al ser una aplicación usada mayoritariamente en España y por la capacidad del dictado de voz, y se eligen las tecnologías OpenSource por ser la gran mayoría de ellas gratuitas o de pago solo el hardware. La utilización de la Red social WhatsApp se justifica por sí sola, en septiembre de 2015 se registraron 900 millones de usuarios. Este dato es fruto, también, de la reciente adquisición por parte de Facebook y hace que cumpla el primer requisito de accesibilidad para el servicio domotico que se presenta. Desde hace casi 5 años existe una API liberada de WhatsApp, que la comunidad OpenSource ha utilizado, para crear sus propios clientes o aplicaciones de envío de mensajes, usando la infraestructura de la red social. La empresa no lo aprueba abiertamente, pero la liberación de la API fue legal y su uso también lo es. Por otra parte la empresa se reserva el derecho de bloquear cuentas por el uso fraudulento de su infraestructura. Las tecnologías OpenSource utilizadas han sido, distribuciones Linux (Raspbian) y lenguajes de programación PHP, Python y BASHSCRIPT, todo cubierto por la comunidad, ofreciendo soporte y escalabilidad. Es por ello que se utiliza, como matriz y gestor domotico central, una RaspberryPI. Los servicios que el gestor ofrece en su primera versión incluyen el control domotico de la iluminación eléctrica general o personal, el control de todo tipo de electrodomésticos, el control de accesos para la puerta principal de entrada y el control de medios audiovisuales. ABSTRACT. This final thesis aims to develop a domotic manager based on the speech recognition capacity implemented in the social network, WhatsApp. This Manager not only banish the wrong idea about how expensive and useless is a domotic installation, this manager will give an opportunity to handicapped people to improve their quality of life. These people, with a simple voice command to their own WhatsApp, could enable or disable all the domotics devices installed in their living places. “On Lamp”, “ON Oven”, “Open Door”… This service reduce considerably the budgets because the use of OpenSource Technologies. The main achievement of this thesis is help handicapped people improving their quality of life, making independent from the housework. The house will do the work. The accessibility is, by the way, the goal to achieve. To get accessibility to a width range, we need a cheap, easy to learn and easy to use service. The social Network WhatsApp is one part of the answer, this app does not need explanation because is used all over the world, moreover, integrates the speech recognition capacity. The OpenSource technologies is the other part of the answer due to the low costs or, even, the free costs of their implementations. The use of the social network WhatsApp is explained by itself. In September 2015 were registered around 900 million users, of course, the recent acquisition by Facebook has helped in this astronomic number and match the first law of this service about the accessibility. Since five years exists, in the internet, a free WhatsApp API. The OpenSource community has used this API to develop their own messaging apps or desktop-clients, using the WhatsApp infrastructure. The company does not approve officially, however le API freedom is legal and the use of the API is legal too. On the other hand, the company can block accounts who makes a fraudulent use of his infrastructure. OpenSource technologies used in this thesis are: Linux distributions (Raspbian) and programming languages PHP, Python and BASHCSRIPT, all of these technologies are covered by the community offering support and scalability. Due to that, it is used a RaspberryPI as the Central Domotic Manager. The domotic services that currently this manager achieve are: Domotic lighting control, electronic devices control, access control to the main door and Media Control.

Designing a high performance parallel logic programming system

Compilation techniques such as those portrayed by the Warren Abstract Machine(WAM) have greatly improved the speed of execution of logic programs. The research presented herein is geared towards providing additional performance to logic programs through the use of parallelism, while preserving the conventional semantics of logic languages. Two áreas to which special attention is given are the preservation of sequential performance and storage efficiency, and the use of low overhead mechanisms for controlling parallel execution. Accordingly, the techniques used for supporting parallelism are efficient extensions of those which have brought high inferencing speeds to sequential implementations. At a lower level, special attention is also given to design and simulation detail and to the architectural implications of the execution model behavior. This paper offers an overview of the basic concepts and techniques used in the parallel design, simulation tools used, and some of the results obtained to date.

Some challenges for constraint programming

We propose a number of challenges for future constraint programming systems, including improvements in implementation technology (using global analysis based optimization and parallelism), debugging facilities, and the extensión of the application domain to distributed, global programming. We also briefly discuss how we are exploring techniques to meet these challenges in the context of the development of the CIAO constraint logic programming system.

Towards execution time estimation in abstract machine-based languages

Abstract machines provide a certain separation between platformdependent and platform-independent concerns in compilation. Many of the differences between architectures are encapsulated in the speciflc abstract machine implementation and the bytecode is left largely architecture independent. Taking advantage of this fact, we present a framework for estimating upper and lower bounds on the execution times of logic programs running on a bytecode-based abstract machine. Our approach includes a one-time, programindependent proflling stage which calculates constants or functions bounding the execution time of each abstract machine instruction. Then, a compile-time cost estimation phase, using the instruction timing information, infers expressions giving platform-dependent upper and lower bounds on actual execution time as functions of input data sizes for each program. Working at the abstract machine level makes it possible to take into account low-level issues in new architectures and platforms by just reexecuting the calibration stage instead of having to tailor the analysis for each architecture and platform. Applications of such predicted execution times include debugging/veriflcation of time properties, certiflcation of time properties in mobile code, granularity control in parallel/distributed computing, and resource-oriented specialization.

Using attributed variables in the implementation of concurrent and parallel logic programming systems

Incorporating the possibility of attaching attributes to variables in a logic programming system has been shown to allow the addition of general constraint solving capabilities to it. This approach is very attractive in that by adding a few primitives any logic programming system can be turned into a generic constraint logic programming system in which constraint solving can be user deñned, and at source level - an extreme example of the "glass box" approach. In this paper we propose a different and novel use for the concept of attributed variables: developing a generic parallel/concurrent (constraint) logic programming system, using the same "glass box" flavor. We argüe that a system which implements attributed variables and a few additional primitives can be easily customized at source level to implement many of the languages and execution models of parallelism and concurrency currently proposed, in both shared memory and distributed systems. We illustrate this through examples and report on an implementation of our ideas.

Programming with global analysis

Global data-flow analysis of (constraint) logic programs, which is generally based on abstract interpretation [7], is reaching a comparatively high level of maturity. A natural question is whether it is time for its routine incorporation in standard compilers, something which, beyond a few experimental systems, has not happened to date. Such incorporation arguably makes good sense only if: • the range of applications of global analysis is large enough to justify the additional complication in the compiler, and • global analysis technology can deal with all the features of "practical" languages (e.g., the ISO-Prolog built-ins) and "scales up" for large programs. We present a tutorial overview of a number of concepts and techniques directly related to the issues above, with special emphasis on the first one. In particular, we concéntrate on novel uses of global analysis during program development and debugging, rather than on the more traditional application área of program optimization. The idea of using abstract interpretation for validation and diagnosis has been studied in the context of imperative programming [2] and also of logic programming. The latter work includes issues such as using approximations to reduce the burden posed on programmers by declarative debuggers [6, 3] and automatically generating and checking assertions [4, 5] (which includes the more traditional type checking of strongly typed languages, such as Gódel or Mercury [1, 8, 9]) We also review some solutions for scalability including modular analysis, incremental analysis, and widening. Finally, we discuss solutions for dealing with meta-predicates, side-effects, delay declarations, constraints, dynamic predicates, and other such features which may appear in practical languages. In the discussion we will draw both from the literature and from our experience and that of others in the development and use of the CIAO system analyzer. In order to emphasize the practical aspects of the solutions discussed, the presentation of several concepts will be illustrated by examples run on the CIAO system, which makes extensive use of global analysis and assertions.

An assertion language for constraint logic programs

In an advanced program development environment, such as that discussed in the introduction of this book, several tools may coexist which handle both the program and information on the program in different ways. Also, these tools may interact among themselves and with the user. Thus, the different tools and the user need some way to communicate. It is our design principie that such communication be performed in terms of assertions. Assertions are syntactic objects which allow expressing properties of programs. Several assertion languages have been used in the past in different contexts, mainly related to program debugging. In this chapter we propose a general language of assertions which is used in different tools for validation and debugging of constraint logic programs in the context of the DiSCiPl project. The assertion language proposed is parametric w.r.t. the particular constraint domain and properties of interest being used in each different tool. The language proposed is quite general in that it poses few restrictions on the kind of properties which may be expressed. We believe the assertion language we propose is of practical relevance and appropriate for the different uses required in the tools considered.

A documentation generator for logic programming systems

We describe lpdoc, a tool which generates documentation manuals automatically from one or more logic program source files, written in ISO-Prolog, Ciao, and other (C)LP languages. It is particularly useful for documenting library modules, for which it automatically generates a rich description of the module interface. However, it can also be used quite successfully to document full applications. The documentation can be generated in many formats including t e x i n f o, dvi, ps, pdf, inf o, html/css, Unix nrof f/man, Windows help, etc., and can include bibliographic citations and images, lpdoc can also genérate "man" pages (Unix man page format), nicely formatted plain ascii "readme" files, installation scripts useful when the manuals are included in software distributions, brief descriptions in html/css or inf o formats suitable for inclusión in on-line Índices of manuals, and even complete WWW and inf o sites containing on-line catalogs of documents and software distributions. A fundamental advantage of using lpdoc is that it helps maintaining a true correspondence between the program and its documentation, and also identifying precisely to what versión of the program a given printed manual corresponds. The quality of the documentation generated can be greatly enhanced by including within the program text assertions (declarations with types, modes, etc. ...) for the predicates in the program, and machine-readable comments. These assertions and comments are written using the Ciao system assertion language. A simple compatibility library allows conventional (C)LP systems to ignore these assertions and comments and treat normally programs documented in this way. The lpdoc manual, all other Ciao system manuals, and most of this paper, are generated by lpdoc.

WWW Programming using computational logic systems (and the PiLLoW/Ciao library)

We discuss from a practical point of view a number of issues involved in writing Internet and WWW applications using LP/CLP systems. We describe Pd_l_oW, a public-domain Internet and WWW programming library for LP/CLP systems which we argüe significantly simplifies the process of writing such applications. Pd_l_oW provides facilities for generating HTML structured documents, producing HTML forms, writing form handlers, accessing and parsing WWW documents, and accessing code posted at HTTP addresses. We also describe the architecture of some application classes, using a high-level model of client-server interaction, active modules. We then propose an architecture for automatic LP/CLP code downloading for local execution, using generic browsers. Finally, we also provide an overview of related work on the topic. The PiLLoW library has been developed in the context of the &- Prolog and CIAO systems, but it has been adapted to a number of popular LP/CLP systems, supporting most of its functionality.

On the uses of attributed variables in parallel and concurrent logic programming systems

Incorporating the possibility of attaching attributes to variables in a logic programming system has been shown to allow the addition of general constraint solving capabilities to it. This approach is very attractive in that by adding a few primitives any logic programming system can be turned into a generic constraint logic programming system in which constraint solving can be user defined, and at source level - an extreme example of the "glass box" approach. In this paper we propose a different and novel use for the concept of attributed variables: developing a generic parallel/concurrent (constraint) logic programming system, using the same "glass box" flavor. We argüe that a system which implements attributed variables and a few additional primitives can be easily customized at source level to implement many of the languages and execution models of parallelism and concurrency currently proposed, in both shared memory and distributed systems. We illustrate this through examples.

Some considerations on the compile-time analysis of constraint logic programs

This paper discusses some issues which arise in the dataflow analysis of constraint logic programming (CLP) languages. The basic technique applied is that of abstract interpretation. First, some types of optimizations possible in a number of CLP systems (including efficient parallelization) are presented and the information that has to be obtained at compile-time in order to be able to implement such optimizations is considered. Two approaches are then proposed and discussed for obtaining this information for a CLP program: one based on an analysis of a CLP metainterpreter using standard Prolog analysis tools, and a second one based on direct analysis of the CLP program. For the second approach an abstract domain which approximates groundness (also referred to as "definiteness") information (i.e. constraint to a single valué) and the related abstraction functions are presented.