Professional Liability of the Construction Professional as an Expert Witness in the Spanish Legal Framework

Inside COBRA 2011 RICS International Research Conference, the present paper is linked to analyze the liability of the construction professional in his practice as a expert witness in the Spanish legal framework. In a large number of legal procedures related to the building it is necessary the intervention of the expert witness to report on the subject of litigation, and to give an opinion about possible causes and solutions. This field is increasingly importantly for the practice of construction professional that requires an important specialization. The expert provides his knowledge to the judge in the matter he is dealing with (construction, planning, assessment, legal, ...), providing arguments or reasons as the base for his case and acting as part of the evidence. Although the importance of expert intervention in the judicial process, the responsibilities arising from their activity is a slightly studied field. Therefore, the study has as purpose to think about the regulation of professional activities raising different aims. The first is to define the action of the construction professional-expert witness and the need for expert evidence, establishing the legal implications of this professional activity. The different types of responsibilities (the civil, criminal and administrative) have been established as well as the economic, penal or disciplinary damages that can be derived from the expert report

Tecnologías "Sociales" en una Sociedad Tecnológica

El artículo presenta, a modo de breve ensayo, las diferencias entre la Sociedad de la Información, como construcción social inacabada, y el estadio evolutivo actual de las Infotecnologías como fenómeno sociotécnico complejo. Se repasa el fenómeno de la Web 2.0, desarrollado alrededor de una serie de tecnologías y herramientas generalmente asociadas al concepto de software "social". El autor dedica unos párrafos al análisis del nuevo contexto sociotécnico para repasar luego algunos extremos críticos y puntos clave de lo que se ha venido en llamar revolución "social" de la Red, enfrentando la percepción de una sociedad tecnológica frente a la emergencia de una tecnología "social"

Un tutorial sobre blogs. El abecé del universo blog

Esta exposición pretende ser una introducción al estudio de un amplio, complejo y dinámico conjunto de nociones, técnicas y prácticas sociales, que gira en torno a la blogosfera, “un vigoroso subespacio de comunicación en Internet”, tal como lo denomina Sáez Vacas en esta misma revista. El objetivo no es tanto ser exhaustivo en el tratamiento, como dar a conocer al lector los distintos conceptos y fenómenos involucrados en la génesis de este peculiar universo, cuyo origen podemos situar en un metafórico Blog Bang. Hablaremos de los blogs (weblogs o bitácoras), su origen, caracterización, clasificación y cuantificación, de la tecnología que los rodea y de conceptos relacionados, tales como los wikis, el socialware, la blogocultura y la web semántica. This essay is designed as an introduction to the study of a broad, complex and dynamic set of notions, techniques and social practices revolving around the blogosphere –“an intense communication subspace on the Internet”, as defined by Saéz Vacas in this magazine. The aim of this article is not to exhaustively cover the topic, but rather, to introduce the reader to the different concepts and phenomena involved in the genesis of this peculiar universe, whose origin lies in the metaphoric Blog Bang. We will touch on blogs (weblogs and bitcores), their origin, nature, classification and quantification, the technology that surrounds them, and other related concepts like wikis, socialware, blogculture and web semantics.

La Red en el móvil

Para introducir y contextualizar los diferentes artículos de este Dossier hace falta recordar los elementos relevantes que justifican su necesidad y urgencia: la revolución en el diseño y comercialización de dispositivos móviles provocada por la aparición del iPhone; la explotación de la información vertida en la Red por un usuario consumidor-productor; la evolución de un sector que, bajo la etiqueta de Mobile 2.0, está provocando cambios radicales en todos los ámbitos, en la gestión de nuestra propia identidad, en nuestro aprendizaje, nuestras relaciones, nuestro quehacer profesional

Redes sociales: contextualización de un fenómeno "dos-punto-cero"

El artículo recorre el estado de los sitios de redes sociales como exponente más destacado del fenómeno ?dos-punto-cero?. Tras repasar algunas cifras y características básicas de los servicios que han marcado la evolución del segmento dedicado a la gestión on line de redes sociales, tanto de propósito general como de carácter profesional, se apuntan algunos datos del perfil de sus usuarios, para terminar ofreciendo algunas ideas y seguir reflexionando sobre el tema, dentro de un escenario en constante evolución, como es el de la web de nueva generación (WebNG).

Blogs: en la vanguardia de la nueva generación web

El artículo afronta el análisis de ciertos aspectos sociales y "culturales" del fenómeno blog; y lo hace con la ayuda metodológica de un modelo, el Nuevo Entorno Tecnosocial (NET) y el enfoque sociotécnico de dos "blogólogos", estudiosos de la nueva realidad de la Red (Universal Digital). Tras repasar algunas definiciones, se destacan los aspectos principales de una posible cultura blog emergente y se relacionan con las propiedades del NET. Inmediatamente después de un breve paréntesis práctico dedicado a las personas que se adentran por vez primera en la blogosfera, se presentan algunas reflexiones acerca de los blogs como evolución de las comunidades virtuales y los cambios experimentados por los habitantes de la infociudad que nace inmersa en el NET, para terminar con la inquietante cuestión de si entre esos cambios no se incluirá también una gradual transformación de la estructura y forma de la inteligencia humana

Blogs: On the Cutting Edge of the Next-generation Web

This article analyses a number of social and cultural aspects of the blog phenomenon with the methodological aid of a complexity model, the New Techno-social Environment (hereinafter also referred to by its Spanish acronym, NET, or Nuevo Entorno Tecnosocial) together with the socio-technical approach of the two blogologist authors. Both authors are researchers interested in the new reality of the Digital Universal Network (DUN). After a review of some basic definitions, the article moves on to highlight some key characteristics of an emerging blog culture and relates them to the properties of the NET. Then, after a brief practical parenthesis for people entering the blogosphere for the first time, we present some reflections on blogs as an evolution of virtual communities and on the changes experienced by the inhabitants of the infocity emerging from within the NET. The article concludes with a somewhat disturbing question; whether among these changes there might not be a gradual transformation of the structure and form of human intelligence.

Abstraction-carrying code: a model for mobile code safety

Proof-Carrying Code (PCC) is a general approach to mobile code safety in which programs are augmented with a certificate (or proof). The intended benefit is that the program consumer can locally validate the certificate w.r.t. the "untrustcd" program by means of a certificate checker a process which should be much simpler, efficient, and automatic than generating the original proof. The practical uptake of PCC greatly depends on the existence of a variety of enabling technologies which allow both proving programs correct and replacing a costly verification process by an efficient checking proceduri on th( consumer side. In this work we propose Abstraction- Carrying Code (ACC), a novel approach which uses abstract interpretation as enabling technology. We argue that the large body of applications of abstract interpretation to program verification is amenable to the overall PCC scheme. In particular, we rely on an expressive class of safely policies which can be defined over different abstract domains. We use an abstraction (or abstract model) of the program computed by standard static analyzers as a certificate. The validity of the abstraction on ihe consumer side is checked in a single pass by a very efficient and specialized abstract-interpreter. We believe that ACC brings the expressiveness, flexibility and automation which is inherent in abstract interpretation techniques to the area of mobile code safety.

Integrated program debugging, verification, and optimization using abstract interpretation (and the Ciao system preprocessor)

The technique of Abstract Interpretation has allowed the development of very sophisticated global program analyses which are at the same time provably correct and practical. We present in a tutorial fashion a novel program development framework which uses abstract interpretation as a fundamental tool. The framework uses modular, incremental abstract interpretation to obtain information about the program. This information is used to validate programs, to detect bugs with respect to partial specifications written using assertions (in the program itself and/or in system libraries), to generate and simplify run-time tests, and to perform high-level program transformations such as multiple abstract specialization, parallelization, and resource usage control, all in a provably correct way. In the case of validation and debugging, the assertions can refer to a variety of program points such as procedure entry, procedure exit, points within procedures, or global computations. The system can reason with much richer information than, for example, traditional types. This includes data structure shape (including pointer sharing), bounds on data structure sizes, and other operational variable instantiation properties, as well as procedure-level properties such as determinacy, termination, nonfailure, and bounds on resource consumption (time or space cost). CiaoPP, the preprocessor of the Ciao multi-paradigm programming system, which implements the described functionality, will be used to illustrate the fundamental ideas.

Recuerdos de Pedro

Semblanza humana y de la obra de Pedro Suárez Bores, catedrático de Puertos de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid desde 1968 a 1999 y profesor emérito de la citada universidad. Dos de las lunas de las hojas caídas del año dos mil diez fueron sombrías. En la primera de ellas, perdí a una de mis referencias humanas, un bastión en mi formación como persona, en mi forma de ser y comportarme, mi padre. En la otra, se fue alguien básico en mi profesión y en la forma de entender la ingeniería del mar, Pedro. Estas líneas pretenden ser un homenaje, una semblanza y un recordatorio de casi treinta años de conversaciones y vivencias entre los dos

Formation energy of vacancies in FeCr alloys: Dependence on Cr concentration

A modified version of the concentration-dependent model (CDM) potential (A. Caro et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 075702) [1] has been developed to study defects in Fe–Cr for different Crconcentrations. A comparison between this new potential and DFT results for a variety of point defect configurations is performed in order to test its reliability for radiation damage studies. The effect of Crconcentration on the vacancyformationenergy in Fe–Cr alloys is analyzed in detail. This study shows a linear dependence of the vacancyformationenergy on Crconcentration for values above 6% of Cr. However, the formationenergy deviates from the linear interpolation in the region below 6% Crconcentration. In order to understand this behavior, the influence of the relative positions between Cr atoms and vacant sites on the vacancyformationenergy has been studied.