Unidad de deshidratación y unidad DOMGAS. Planta de licuación Gorgon LNG

In this Project, a preliminary design of a dehydration unit for domestic gas will be outlined. This unit that is the subject of the study belongs to a project named Gorgon. Such project is currently been developed by Chevron in Barrow Island, Australia. In order to conduct a proper design of such unit, characteristics of the natural gas that is being extracted shall be detailed, as well as proper specifications of the pipeline to which the gas will supply. After this, different techniques for dehydrating the gas are evaluated; the technique that fits better this Project is absorption by glycol and following such assumption will be chosen as the best one. More accurately, the most suitable type of glycol for this particular unit is triethilene glycol, considering that it fits better the conditions of the project. Once the method is chosen, a simulation shall be undertaken with the purpose of determining the number of stages required for the correct functioning of the unit, the glycol rate and its purity. Besides, it is needed to estimate its pressure and temperature and the dimensions that would then follow. In addition, pressures and temperatures are estimated at the regeneration glycol process, together with dimensions of some units. Furthermore, it is necessary to estimate pressure and temperature at which natural gas is leaving the dehydration unit. In addition, both compression needed to secure the flux at the pipeline and the resulting pressure at the reception shall be studied. Finally, an economic study is carried out in order to conclude whether or not this specific Project is feasible.

Mejora de la movilidad urbana sostenible en el municipio de Madrid : aplicación del análisis geoespacial en la ampliación de la red de suministro de combustibles alternativos.

Este Trabajo Fin de Grado trata de dar respuesta a un problema de movilidad sostenible en el municipio de Madrid. Mediante las herramientas de análisis geoespacial de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) se buscan soluciones para la ampliación de la red de estaciones de suministro de combustibles alternativos como el Gas Licuado de Petróleo (GLP), Gas Natural Comprimido (GNC) y electricidad. Los resultados obtenidos determinan las posibles ubicaciones de los nuevos puntos atendiendo a criterios específicos según el tipo de combustible. Estas soluciones procuran que se alcancen las medidas impuestas por las directivas europeas en la materia de las Smart Cities. Además, con este Trabajo se muestran las capacidades de gestión de los SIG en el ámbito urbano y sus posibles aplicaciones. ABSTRACT: This Final Project answers the problem of sustainable mobility in the city of Madrid. By means of geospatial analysis tools of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) solutions are searched to extend the supply stations network for alternative fuels like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and electricity. The final results are the best possible locations of new items according to specific criteria depending on the type of fuel. These solutions seek to the measures imposed by the European directives are reached in the field of Smart Cities. In addition, This Final Project shows management capabilities of GIS in urban areas and their possible application.

Planta de licuación de 1 MTPA LNG Prico en Texas, EEUU

En este proyecto se ha realizado el dimensionamiento de los equipos básicos de una planta de licuación de gas natural cuya localización es Texas, EEUU. La capacidad de la planta es de 1 MTPA y funciona mediante un proceso de licuefacción de licencia Prico. Su objetivo fundamental es servir de apoyo en las puntas de consumo de gas natural (el cual varía considerablemente según la época del año) mediante reinyección del producto en los gaseoductos en los momentos de mayor demanda o incluso mediante su transporte en camiones cisterna. El proyecto ha comprendido el análisis del proceso Prico con su diagrama de flujo, el dimensionamiento de los intercambiadores de calor (carcasa y tubos y plate-fin), selección de los equipos rotativos, simulación del proceso y dimensionamiento de tuberías, así como un pequeño estudio económico. Abstract In this project, sizing of main equipment of a natural gas liquefaction plant has been developed. The plant is located in Texas, EEUU. Plant capacity is 1 MTPA and is designed to produce LNG by using a Prico liquefaction process. The main objective of the designed plant is to support the peaks of consumption of natural gas (which varies considerably along the year) by liquefying, storing and reinjecting the natural gas in the pipelines or even using tanker trucks to take LNG to consumers. The project includes the analysis of the Prico process flow diagram, sizing of the heat exchangers (shell & tube and plate-fin), selection of rotatory equipment, process simulation and pipe sizing, and a viability analysis.

Environmental analysis of a Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plant hybridised with different fossil and renewable fuels

The environmental performance of a 50 MW parabolic trough Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plant hybridised with different fuels was determined using a Life Cycle Assessment methodology. Six different scenarios were investigated, half of which involved hybridisation with fossil fuels (natural gas, coal and fuel oil), and the other three involved hybridisation with renewable fuels (wheat straw, wood pellets and biogas). Each scenario was compared to a solar-only operation. Nine different environmental categories as well as the Cumulative Energy Demand and the Energy Payback Time (EPT) were evaluated using Simapro software for 1 MWh of electricity produced. The results indicate a worse environmental performance for a CSP plant producing 12% of the electricity from fuel than in a solar-only operation for every indicator, except for the eutrophication and toxicity categories, whose results for the natural gas scenario are slightly better. In the climate change category, the results ranged between 26.9 and 187 kg CO2 eq/MWh, where a solar-only operation had the best results and coal hybridisation had the worst. Considering a weighted single score indicator, the environmental impact of the renewable fuels scenarios is approximately half of those considered in fossil fuels, with the straw scenario showing the best results, and the coal scenario the worstones. EPT for solar-only mode is 1.44 years, while hybridisation scenarios EPT vary in a range of 1.72 -1.83 years for straw and pellets respectively. The fuels with more embodied energy are biomethane and wood pellets.

Discourses and values underpin public debate on fracking in Spain: a case study at the crossroad

In the EU context extraction of shale and oil gas by hydraulic fracturing (fracking) differs from country to country in terms of legislation and implementation. While fossil fuel extraction using this technology is currently taking place in the UK, Germany and France have adopted respective moratoria. In between is the Spanish case, where hydrocarbon extraction projects through fracking have to undergo mandatory and routine environmental assessment in accordance with the last changes to environmental regulations. Nowadays Spain is at the crossroad with respect to the future of this technology. We presume a social conflictt in our country since the position and strategy of the involved and confronted social actors -national, regional and local authorities, energy companies, scientists, NGO and other social organization- are going to play key and likely divergent roles in its industrial implementation and public acceptance. In order to improve knowledge on how to address these controverted situations from the own engineering context, the affiliated units from the Higher Technical School of Mines and Energy Engineering at UPM have been working on a transversal program to teach values and ethics. Over the past seven years, this pioneering experience has shown the usefulness of applying a consequentialist ethics, based on a case-by-case approach and costs-benefits analysis both for action and inaction. As a result of this initiative a theoretical concept has arisen and crystallized in this field: it is named Inter-ethics. This theoretical perspective can be very helpful in complex situations, with multi-stakeholders and plurality of interests, when ethical management requires the interaction between the respective ethics of each group; professional ethics of a single group is not enough. Under this inter-ethics theoretical framework and applying content analysis techniques, this paper explores the articulation of the discourse in favour and against fracking technology and its underlying values as manifested in the Spanish traditional mass media and emerging social media such as Youtube. Results show that Spanish public discourse on fracking technology includes the costs-benefits analysis to communicate how natural resources from local communities may be affected by these facilities due to environmental, health and economic consequences. Furthermore, this technology is represented as a solution to the "demand of energy" according to the optimistic discourse while, from a pessimistic view, fracking is often framed as a source "environmental problems" and even natural disasters as possible earthquakes. In this latter case, this negative representation could have been influenced by the closure of a macro project to store injected natural gas in the Mediterranean Sea using the old facilities of an oil exploitation in Amposta (Proyecto Cástor). The closure of this project was due to the occurrence of earthquakes whose intensity was higher than the originally expected by the experts in the assessment stage of the project.

Analysis of cogeneration in the present energy framework

In this paper, a general vision of cogeneration penetration in the European Union is shown; after this, a case study is included, evaluating as a function of two factors (electricity and emission allowance prices) the suitability of installing, for an industry with a determined thermal demand, two different options. The first one is a gas turbine cogeneration plant generating steam through a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The second one consists of installing a natural gas boiler for steam production covering the electricity demand from the grid. The CO2 emissions from both options are compared regarding different kinds of generation mixes from the electricity grid in the case of using the industrial boiler; taking into account the advantages of using biomass in relation to emissions, a last comparison has been carried out considering a biomass boiler instead of the natural gas boiler.

Gas monitoring methodology and application to CCS projects as defined by atmospheric and remote sensing survey in the natural analogue of Campo de Calatrava

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) projects are presently developed to reduce the emission of anthropogenic CO2 into the atmosphere. CCS technologies are expected to account for the 20% of the CO2 reduction by 2050. Geophysical, ground deformation and geochemical monitoring have been carried out to detect potential leakage, and, in the event that this occurs, identify and quantify it. This monitoring needs to be developed prior, during and after the injection stage. For a correct interpretation and quantification of the leakage, it is essential to establish a pre-injection characterization (baseline) of the area affected by the CO2 storage at reservoir level as well as at shallow depth, surface and atmosphere, via soil gas measurements. Therefore, the methodological approach is important because it can affect the spatial and temporal variability of this flux and even jeopardize the total value of CO2 in a given area. In this sense, measurements of CO2 flux were done using portable infrared analyzers (i.e., accumulation chambers) adapted to monitoring the geological storage of CO2, and other measurements of trace gases, e.g. radon isotopes and remote sensing imagery were tested in the natural analogue of Campo de Calatrava (Ciudad Real, Spain) with the aim to apply in CO2 leakage detection; thus, observing a high correlation between CO2 and radon (r=0,858) and detecting some vegetation indices that may be successfully applied for the leakage detection.

Tanque aéreo de almacenamiento de gas natural licuado de tipo membrana y 200.000 m3 de volumen

El presente proyecto consiste en el diseño básico de ingeniería de un tanque aéreo de almacenamiento de gas natural licuado (GNL) de integridad total con tecnología de membrana y con una capacidad neta de almacenamiento de 200 000 m3 a una temperatura de -162ºC y una presión máxima de 15 kPa. El proyecto desarrolla los siguientes puntos: el diseño del tanque interno con tecnología de membrana, dimensionamiento del aislante, diseño del techo suspendido, tanque externo, cúpula de hormigón, cimentación, dimensionamiento de los equipos, Ensayos, puesta en frío, puesta en servicio, planificación de la ejecución del proyecto, recursos empleados, control de la presión, prevención del rollover, coste del tanque y análisis económico del proyecto

Estación de servicio de gas natural licuado y comprimido para vehículos

Se propone la construcción de una planta satélite de gas natural anexa a una estación de servicio de carburante. El interés del proyecto se centra en el ahorro económico que supone el uso de este combustible para el transporte por carretera (hasta 50 %). Además el gas natural es, en relación al petróleo, más limpio y la relación reservas/producción es mayor. En España la infraestructura de esta tecnología es una de las mayores y mejor consolidadas de Europa. Se ha elegido la E.S. localizada en el km 26 de la autopista A1 con sentido Burgos (San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid). Esta autopista es una de las principales vías de conexión entre España y el resto de Europa, resultando interesante pensando en el sector trasportista. La planta dispondrá de un tanque criogénico de 60 m3 para almacenar gas natural licuado (GNL) a una temperatura de -163 ºC. Parte de éste será comprimido a 290 bar y después conducido a un vaporizador ambiental de alta presión que lo gasificará. Finalmente el gas resultante se odorizará obteniendo gas natural comprimido (GNC) que quedará preparado para su almacenaje en vasijas. El tanque criogénico (GNL) y las botellas (GNC) se conectarán a sus respectivos surtidores para el suministro de combustible. La planta incluirá un surtidor de GNC y otro de GNL para vehículos pesados. Se realizará el montaje e instalación de los equipos y líneas necesarios para el almacenaje, manipulación y suministro de gas natural vehicular.

Diseño del Tren de Licuación Conoco Phillips de 5 MTPA de Capacidad en Planta Bidireccional de Gas Natural

Diseño de un tren de licuación Conoco Phillips de 5 MTPA, mediante el software de simulación Aspen Plus. Incluye planificación y análisis económico del proyecto.

Análisis de las tecnologías de accionamiento en la compresión del gas natural y su aplicación a una estación de compresión

Este proyecto consiste en el análisis de las técnicas de compresión de gas natural, tanto técnica como económicamente, así como el diseño de la estación de compresión localizada en Irún, provincia de Guipúzcoa, con la mejor opción. El proyecto define el interés de este tipo de instalaciones, su funcionamiento, detalla los distintos sistemas de los que consta la estación de compresión y estudia la rentabilidad económica en base al presupuesto de la instalación y a la retribución de las actividades reguladas del sector gasista. Los distintos sistemas de los que consta la estación de compresión, y que forman parte del contenido del proyecto son, todos los necesarios para el funcionamiento de la estación: sistemas mecánicos, instrumentación y control, obra civil y sistemas auxiliares (sistemas eléctricos, de seguridad y antiintrusión).

Tuberías de Gas Natural para alimentación de la planta Gorgon LNG a partir del yacimiento Gorgon

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el diseño y dimensionamiento del gasoducto de alimentación a la planta de producción de GNL del proyecto Gorgon LNG, el cual consiste en la explotación de varios yacimientos de gas natural offshore al oeste de Australia y la producción de GNL en la planta situada en la Isla Barrow. Se han considerado dos fases de desarrollo, una inicial con ocho pozos, y otra de madurez con doce. El dimensionamiento se ha realizado mediante simulaciones con el programa Aspen Hysys, mediante el cual se han obtenido los diámetros internos mínimos y los perfiles de presiones y temperaturas, así como el caudal de MEG requerido para evitar la formación de hidratos. Posteriormente, mediante cálculo matemático se ha calculado el espesor teniendo en cuenta las tensiones mecánicas a las que estará sometida la tubería. Finalmente, a partir de los resultados del cálculo técnico se ha realizado el estudio económico, estimando costes e ingresos, en el cual se ha realizado un estudio de la rentabilidad del proyecto y un análisis de sensibilidad, resultando un proyecto técnica y económicamente viable.