Role of maize stover incorporation on nitrogen oxide emissions in a non-irrigated Mediterranean barley field.

Aims Agricultural soils in semiarid Mediterranean areas are characterized by low organic matter contents and low fertility levels. Application of crop residues and/or manures as amendments is a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to overcome this problem. However, these management practices may induce important changes in the nitrogen oxide emissions from these agroecosystems, with additional impacts on carbon dioxide emissions. In this context, a field experiment was carried out with a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop under Mediterranean conditions to evaluate the effect of combining maize (Zea mays L.) residues and N fertilizer inputs (organic and/or mineral) on these emissions. Methods Crop yield and N uptake, soil mineral N concentrations, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), denitrification capacity, N2O, NO and CO2 fluxes were measured during the growing season. Results The incorporation of maize stover increased N2O emissions during the experimental period by c. 105 %. Conversely, NO emissions were significantly reduced in the plots amended with crop residues. The partial substitution of urea by pig slurry reduced net N2O emissions by 46 and 39 %, with and without the incorporation of crop residues respectively. Net emissions of NO were reduced 38 and 17 % for the same treatments. Molar DOC:NO 3 − ratio was found to be a robust predictor of N2O and NO fluxes. Conclusions The main effect of the interaction between crop residue and N fertilizer application occurred in the medium term (4–6 month after application), enhancing N2O emissions and decreasing NO emissions as consequence of residue incorporation. The substitution of urea by pig slurry can be considered a good management strategy since N2O and NO emissions were reduced by the use of the organic residue.

N-Management using Nitrification inhibitor DMPP to Reduce Nitrogen Oxide Emissions in Mediterranean Winter Barley.

Increasing nitrogen (N) use efficiency during crop production is paramount both from an economic and environmental perspective. A proposed measure to achieve it is to split the addition of fertilizers with more than on application. For a winter crop under Mediterranean climatic conditions, the most common application pattern consists of a basal fertilization (October-November) an a top-dressing (February-March).

Anabolic drugs consumption of high school students participating in school championships of physical education

This paper aims to analyse the use of anabolic drugs among Greek students participating in school championships of physical education (PE). In order to do it, a survey was conducted during the 2008 to 2009 academic year in suburban, urban and metropolitan areas in Greece. The sample was 2,535 high school students from the 10 to 12th grade, participating in the school physical education championships. The results showed that 9.6% of boys and 3.7% of girls reported that they had used anabolic drugs sometime in the past whereas 11.2% boys and 4.8% girls reported that they would intend to use them in the future. This confirms that anabolic steroids are an important problem among adolescents, and educational programs should increase their knowledge about these drugs. Information should come not only from the state, but also from coaches, teachers, trainers and parents.

Assessing the potential of hybrid fossil–solar thermal plants for energy policy making: Brayton cycles

This paper proposes a first study in-depth of solar-fossil hybridization from a general perspective. It develops a set of useful parameters for analyzing and comparing hybrid plants, it studies the case of hybridizing Brayton cycles with current solar technologies and shows a tentative extrapolation of the results to integrated combined cycle systems (ISCSS). In particular, three points have been analyzed: the technical requirements for solar technologies to be hybridized with Brayton cycles, the temperatures and pressures at which hybridization would produce maximum power per unit of fossil fuel, and their mapping to current solar technologies and Brayton cycles. Major conclusions are that a hybrid plant works in optimum conditions which are not equal to those of the solar or power blocks considered independently, and that hybridizing at the Brayton cycle of a combined cycle could be energetically advantageous.

La ordenación de los usos y actividades estacionales en la costa. El caso del plan insular de la costa de Menorca

La política territorial que se ha desarrollado en las últimas décadas en la Isla de Menorca pone de manifiesto la preocupación de los poderes públicos y de los ciudadanos por el respeto y la comprensión del territorio en el que se asientan, así como la búsqueda de un equilibrio que permita un desarrollo económico acorde con la protección de los espacios de mayor valor ambiental. Como resultado de este proceso, en 1993 Menorca es declarada Reserva de la Biosfera por la UNESCO, en 1999 se protege la zona de influencia de todas las Islas Baleares, impidiendo nuevos desarrollos urbanísticos en la costa (DOT) y en 2003 se aprueba el Plan Territorial Insular de Menorca, que amplía dicha protección excluyendo del desarrollo algunos lugares sensibles, como Punta Grossa, Son Saura, Cala Galdana, etc… En este contexto, la actividad con mayor incidencia en la fragilidad del litoral de la isla de Menorca es el turismo vinculado al producto de sol y playa y a las actividades náutico-deportivas, caracterizado por su alta estacionalidad. Al esfuerzo de ordenación y gestión realizado en todo el territorio insular se suma ahora la redacción del Plan de Insular de la Costa cuyo principal objetivo es garantizar el mejor uso de los recursos y la integridad del litoral de la isla. La ordenación de las actividades, usos y prácticas vinculados al litoral permitirá controlar los efectos negativos de actividades en creciente expansión, como el fondeo, que, por falta de regulación, pueden llegar a ser perjudiciales para la estabilidad del medio, así como un menoscabo de la garantía en el uso y disfrute público de la costa. Además de los efectos negativos sobre las praderas de fanerógamas por el sistema de anclaje y depósito de muertos, el fondeo masivo puede crear conflictos con el resto de usuarios, especialmente los bañistas. El traslado del combustible desde los puntos de suministro hasta las zonas de fondeo y el acto de rellenar el depósito en el mar provoca vertidos incontrolados desde los barcos al mar, tanto voluntarios como accidentales, y riesgo de accidentes marítimos y en tierra.

Alberto Campo Baeza, luz, reflexión y silencio. Entrevista

Entrevista a Alberto Campo Baeza

Pensar con las manos : Unidad Docente Alberto Campo Baeza : memoria del curso 2004-2005

Pensar con las manos : Unidad Docente Alberto Campo Baeza : memoria del curso 2004-2005 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid E.T.S. de Arquitectura Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos