Efficiency at Rest: Magnetoencephalographic Resting-State Connectivity and Individual Differences in Verbal Working Memory

Inter-individual differences in cognitive performance are based on an efficient use of task-related brain resources. However, little is known yet on how these differences might be reflected on resting-state brain networks. Here we used Magnetoencephalography resting-state recordings to assess the relationship between a behavioral measurement of verbal working memory and functional connectivity as measured through Mutual Information. We studied theta (4?8 Hz), low alpha (8?10 Hz), high alpha (10?13 Hz), low beta (13?18 Hz) and high beta (18?30 Hz) frequency bands. A higher verbal working memory capacity was associated with a lower mutual information in the low alpha band, prominently among right-anterior and left-lateral sensors. The results suggest that an efficient brain organization in the domain of verbal working memory might be related to a lower resting-state functional connectivity across large-scale brain networks possibly involving right prefrontal and left perisylvian areas.

Self-assembled MgxZn1−xO quantum dots (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) on different substrates using spray pyrolysis methodology

By using the spray pyrolysis methodology in its classical configuration we have grown self-assembled MgxZn1−xO quantum dots (size [similar]4–6 nm) in the overall range of compositions 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 on c-sapphire, Si (100) and quartz substrates. Composition of the quantum dots was determined by means of transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (TEM-EDAX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Selected area electron diffraction reveals the growth of single phase hexagonal MgxZn1−xO quantum dots with composition 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.32 by using a nominal concentration of Mg in the range 0 to 45%. Onset of Mg concentration about 50% (nominal) forces the hexagonal lattice to undergo a phase transition from hexagonal to a cubic structure which resulted in the growth of hexagonal and cubic phases of MgxZn1−xO in the intermediate range of Mg concentrations 50 to 85% (0.39 ≤ x ≤ 0.77), whereas higher nominal concentration of Mg ≥ 90% (0.81 ≤ x ≤ 1) leads to the growth of single phase cubic MgxZn1−xO quantum dots. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and fast Fourier transform confirm the results and show clearly distinguishable hexagonal and cubic crystal structures of the respective quantum dots. A difference of 0.24 eV was detected between the core levels (Zn 2p and Mg 1s) measured in quantum dots with hexagonal and cubic structures by X-ray photoemission. The shift of these core levels can be explained in the frame of the different coordination of cations in the hexagonal and cubic configurations. Finally, the optical absorption measurements performed on single phase hexagonal MgxZn1−xO QDs exhibited a clear shift in optical energy gap on increasing the Mg concentration from 0 to 40%, which is explained as an effect of substitution of Zn2+ by Mg2+ in the ZnO lattice.

El Proyecto REGENTE

Con el fin de establecer una cartografía europea unificada, se hace indispensable la conversión de las coordenadas de los Marcos de los Sistemas Geodésicos Nacionales al Marco ETRF89, lo cual sólo es posible a través de la determinación de transformaciones y superficies de ajuste desde uno a otro marco. Tal determinación requiere el conocimiento de ambas clases de coordenadas en un número muy elevado de estaciones uniformemente distribuidas, debiendo este número ser tanto mayor cuantas más irregularidades presente el Marco local. En el caso de la Península y Archipiélagos, el IGN decidió resolver el problema mediante el Proyecto REGENTE (Red Geodésica Nacional por Técnicas Espaciales), consistente en el establecimiento de una densa red GPS de alta precisión con estaciones coincidentes con vértices de ROI y con clavos de las líneas NAP. La densidad media quedó fijada en una estación por Hoja del MTN 1:50.000, es decir, de una estación por cada 300 km2. REGENTE quedará perfectamente enlazada con la red de referencia europea ETRF89 por medio de las redes ibéricas IBERIA95 y BALEAR98. REGENTE Canarias se apoya, como estación de referencia, en la estación GPS de Maspalomas, incluida en la red ITRF93.

Red Nacional de Estaciones de Referencia GPS (ERGPS)

El Instituto Geográfico Nacional, por medio del Área de Geodesia, está llevando a cabo el establecimiento de una Red de Estaciones Permanentes GPS que permitan obtener coordenadas muy precisas, así como sus campos de velocidades en un Sistema de Referencia Global (ITRFxx). Dichas estaciones pertenecen a la Red de Estaciones Permanentes de EUREF (EUropean REference Frame) y constituyen el orden cero de la Geodesia Española.