'Enhancement of the crystallization process of TbxFe1-x thin films upon the formation of alpha-Tb phase'

TbxFe1−x thin films deposited by sputtering on Mo were investigated structurally and magnetically. The microstructure consists of TbFe2 nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous matrix, and the Tb content can be correlated with an increase in the volume of these nanoparticles. Similar microstructure and behavior were found when TbFe2 was deposited on glass and on a Pt buffer layer. Nevertheless, thermal treatments promote a different effect, depending on the mechanical stiffness of the buffer layer. The layers deposited on Mo, a rigid material, show crystalline TbFe2 together with α-Tb phase upon thermal treatment. In contrast, TbFe2 does not crystallize properly on Pt, a material with a lower stiffness than Mo. Intermediate results were observed on the film deposited on glass. Experimental results show the impact of the buffer stiffness on the crystallization process. Moreover, the formation of α-Tb appears to be fundamental to crystallized TbFe2 on layers deposited on rigid buffers

Suppression of the intrinsic stochastic pinning of domain walls in magnetic nanostripes

Nanofabrication has allowed the development of new concepts such as magnetic logic and race-track memory, both of which are based on the displacement of magnetic domain walls on magnetic nanostripes. One of the issues that has to be solved before devices can meet the market demands is the stochastic behaviour of the domain wall movement in magnetic nanostripes. Here we show that the stochastic nature of the domain wall motion in permalloy nanostripes can be suppressed at very low fields (0.6-2.7 Oe). We also find different field regimes for this stochastic motion that match well with the domain wall propagation modes. The highest pinning probability is found around the precessional mode and, interestingly, it does not depend on the external field in this regime. These results constitute an experimental evidence of the intrinsic nature of the stochastic pinning of domain walls in soft magnetic nanostripes

De cuartel militar a laboratorio de vida alternativa: el ecobarrio de Vauban en Friburgo

La experiencia de la ciudad de Friburgo destaca, además de porque lleva décadas gobernada por Los Verdes, y por una gran socialización de las energías renovables, por acoger una experiencia muy innovadora de regeneración urbana: el proceso del ecobarrio Vauban. En 1993 un grupo de jóvenes okupó unos antiguos cuarteles de la OTAN. Tras un proceso de negociación con el Ayuntamiento, obtuvieron permiso para permanecer en algunas de las naves. De esa iniciativa nació SUSI, una cooperativa autogestionada de vivienda para jóvenes y personas con bajos ingresos, así como espacios para iniciativas sociales. El proyecto de la Administración local era demoler el resto para reedificar un nuevo barrio. Distintos activistas del ecologismo y del movimiento antinuclear plantearon y lograron poner en marcha una alternativa al proyecto oficial a través de una asociación ciudadana, Forum Vauban, que ha logrado participar en el proceso de renovación del resto del barrio y dinamizar un intenso proceso de participación ciudadana orientado a convertir el futuro barrio en un asentamiento lo más ecológico posible.

The flexibility matrix o timber composite beams with a discrete connection system

This work presents a method for the analysis of timber composite beams which considers the slip in the connection system, based on assembling the flexibility matrix of the whole structure. This method is based on one proposed by Tommola and Jutila (2001). This paper extends the method to the case of a gap between two pieces with an arbitrary location at the first connector, which notably broadens its practical application. The addition of the gap makes it possible to model a cracked zone in concrete topping, as well as the case in which forming produces the gap. The consideration of induced stresses due to changes in temperature and moisture content is also described, while the concept of equivalent eccentricity is generalized. This method has important advantages in connection with the current European Standard EN 1995-1-1: 2004, as it is able to deal with any type of load, variable section, discrete and non-regular connection systems, a gap between the two pieces, and variations in temperature and moisture content. Although it could be applied to any structural system, it is specially suited for the case of simple supported and continuous beams. Working examples are presented at the end, showing that the arrangement of the connection notably modifies shear force distribution. A first interpretation of the results is made on the basis of the strut and tie theory. The examples prove that the use of EC-5 is unsafe when, as a rule of thumb, the strut or compression field between the support and the first connector is at an angle with the axis of the beam of less than 60º.

Particle methods parallel implementations by GP-GPU strategies

This paper outlines the problems found in the parallelization of SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) algorithms using Graphics Processing Units. Different results of some parallel GPU implementations in terms of the speed-up and the scalability compared to the CPU sequential codes are shown. The most problematic stage in the GPU-SPH algorithms is the one responsible for locating neighboring particles and building the vectors where this information is stored, since these specific algorithms raise many dificulties for a data-level parallelization. Because of the fact that the neighbor location using linked lists does not show enough data-level parallelism, two new approaches have been pro- posed to minimize bank conflicts in the writing and subsequent reading of the neighbor lists. The first strategy proposes an efficient coordination between CPU-GPU, using GPU algorithms for those stages that allow a straight forward parallelization, and sequential CPU algorithms for those instructions that involve some kind of vector reduction. This coordination provides a relatively orderly reading of the neighbor lists in the interactions stage, achieving a speed-up factor of x47 in this stage. However, since the construction of the neighbor lists is quite expensive, it is achieved an overall speed-up of x41. The second strategy seeks to maximize the use of the GPU in the neighbor's location process by executing a specific vector sorting algorithm that allows some data-level parallelism. Al- though this strategy has succeeded in improving the speed-up on the stage of neighboring location, the global speed-up on the interactions stage falls, due to inefficient reading of the neighbor vectors. Some changes to these strategies are proposed, aimed at maximizing the computational load of the GPU and using the GPU texture-units, in order to reach the maximum speed-up for such codes. Different practical applications have been added to the mentioned GPU codes. First, the classical dam-break problem is studied. Second, the wave impact of the sloshing fluid contained in LNG vessel tanks is also simulated as a practical example of particle methods

Indicadores energéticos para aplicar estrategias inteligentes en redes de riego a presión

El coste de la energía es, en la actualidad, una de las principales preocupaciones de determinadas zonas regables. Aquellos proyectos de mejora de regadíos, que consistieron fundamentalmente en la sustitución de las redes de distribución en lámina libre por redes a presión, se ven ahora en una situación en la que su rentabilidad financiera se pone en duda y, como consecuencia, su sostenibilidad. El relativamente reciente comienzo del incremento del precio de la energía y otros cambios, como por ejemplo los acaecidos en la política agraria común PAC o la eliminación de las tarifas eléctricas estacionales para riego, han provocado que los proyectos estén operando en puntos alejados de las previsiones iniciales, en los que la rentabilidad social, económica y ambiental quedaba justificada. Ante esta situación, las comunidades de regantes están abordando cambios. Entre estos, destacan, por un lado, las actuaciones sobre las infraestructuras, tales como modificación de equipos de bombeo, reducción de la resistencia al flujo de determinados tramos o zonas de las redes. Por el otro, están abordando cambios en la gestión de estas últimas. En algunos casos, en el riego a la demanda, a través de la aprobación del colectivo, se pierde cierta libertad con la intención de reducir la factura energética. Sin embargo, al final, es el propio regante el que tiene que actuar. En algunos casos, se cambian los cultivos por otros de cosecha temprana o incluso se dejan de regar parte de las tierras regables. En esta situación, que se puede calificar de frágil, por un lado, conviene identificar aquellas actuaciones que por unidad monetaria invertida producirán el máximo beneficio. Y, por el otro, aquellas que por unidad monetaria perdida en el beneficio redunden en una reducción máxima de los costes. Este trabajo trata de centrar el objetivo general arriba enunciado al ámbito de las redes de riego a presión. Si bien hay ya algunos trabajos sobre auditorías energéticas, su aplicación no permite desarrollar el objetivo de este trabajo, ya que van dirigidas hacia la recopilación y elaboración de información. Por este motivo, se proponen y analizan indicadores de rendimiento basados en el balance energético tanto de las infraestructuras, desglosados según la funcionalidad de sus elementos, como del manejo y las condiciones de funcionamiento.

Improvement of Mechanical Properties and Life Extension of High Reliability Structural Components by Laser Shock Processing

Profiting by the increasing availability of laser sources delivering intensities above 109 W/cm2 with pulse energies in the range of several Joules and pulse widths in the range of nanoseconds, laser shock processing (LSP) is being consolidating as an effective technology for the improvement of surface mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of metals and is being developed as a practical process amenable to production engineering. The main acknowledged advantage of the laser shock processing technique consists on its capability of inducing a relatively deep compression residual stresses field into metallic alloy pieces allowing an improved mechanical behaviour, explicitly, the life improvement of the treated specimens against wear, crack growth and stress corrosion cracking. Following a short description of the theoretical/computational and experimental methods developed by the authors for the predictive assessment and experimental implementation of LSP treatments, experimental results on the residual stress profiles and associated surface properties modification successfully reached in typical materials (specifically Al and Ti alloys) under different LSP irradiation conditions are presented. In particular, the analysis of the residual stress profiles obtained under different irradiation parameters and the evaluation of the corresponding induced surface properties as roughness and wear resistance are presented.

Estudio de accesibilidad a las zonas verdes urbanas mediante Sistemas de Información Geográfica

La creciente preocupación por parte de la sociedad respecto del medio ambiente que nos rodea, ha hecho que las administraciones de ámbito local recojan las inquietudes de los ciudadanos e intenten dar soluciones mediante la creación de lo que se viene a denominar espacios verdes urbanos: son nuestros parques y jardines públicos. Sin embargo, día a día surgen nuevas demandas por parte de los distintos grupos sociales, pasando de la mera creación o representación estética del campo en la ciudad a dotar a estos entornos de elementos en los que la practicidad toma un valor relevante. El objetivo del presente trabajo es servir como instrumento de información a las distintas administraciones en su labor de planificación de zonas verdes urbanas utilizando para ello Sistemas de Información Geográfica

Laser Shock Processing: An Emerging Technique for the Enhancement of Surface Properties and Fatigue Life of High Strength Metal Alloys

Profiting by the increasing availability of laser sources delivering intensities above 10 9 W/cm 2 with pulse energies in the range of several Joules and pulse widths in the range of nanoseconds, laser shock processing (LSP) is being consolidating as an effective technology for the improvement of surface mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of metals and is being developed as a practical process amenable to production engineering. The main acknowledged advantage of the laser shock processing technique consists on its capability of inducing a relatively deep compression residual stresses field into metallic alloy pieces allowing an improved mechanical behaviour, explicitly, the life improvement of the treated specimens against wear, crack growth and stress corrosion cracking. Following a short description of the theoretical/computational and experimental methods developed by the authors for the predictive assessment and experimental implementation of LSP treatments, experimental results on the residual stress profiles and associated surface properties modification successfully reached in typical materials (specifically steels and Al and Ti alloys) under different LSP irradiation conditions are presented

Theoretical and experimental structural studies of historical Latin-American laminated planked timber arches

This article describes a first group of theoretical and experimental works undertaken at the Polytechnic University of Madrid. One major purpose is to obtain a structural model for the assessment of historical Latin-American vertically laminated planked timber arches built by the Spanish, mainly in the XVII and XVIII centuries. Many of those constructions still stand and represent a notable historical heritage. Pedro Hurtado recently presented his Ph. D. thesis on historical and construction topics. A structural study was then undertaken. This step of the structural research focussed on static analysis, most especially the deformation in the connection system. This article describes part of this first structural research. Even though it is still at a basic level, it shows reasonable agreement with the experimental results. Further static analytical models are been now developed and implemented. The next stage will address the dynamic problem, even though improvements will be made also in the constitutive equations.

Empowering and assisting natural human mobility: The simbiosis walker

This paper presents the complete development of the Simbiosis Smart Walker. The device is equipped with a set of sensor subsystems to acquire user-machine interaction forces and the temporal evolution of user's feet during gait. The authors present an adaptive filtering technique used for the identification and separation of different components found on the human-machine interaction forces. This technique allowed isolating the components related with the navigational commands and developing a Fuzzy logic controller to guide the device. The Smart Walker was clinically validated at the Spinal Cord Injury Hospital of Toledo - Spain, presenting great acceptability by spinal chord injury patients and clinical staff

A review of estimation of distribution algorithms in bioinformatics

Evolutionary search algorithms have become an essential asset in the algorithmic toolbox for solving high-dimensional optimization problems in across a broad range of bioinformatics problems. Genetic algorithms, the most well-known and representative evolutionary search technique, have been the subject of the major part of such applications. Estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) offer a novel evolutionary paradigm that constitutes a natural and attractive alternative to genetic algorithms. They make use of a probabilistic model, learnt from the promising solutions, to guide the search process. In this paper, we set out a basic taxonomy of EDA techniques, underlining the nature and complexity of the probabilistic model of each EDA variant. We review a set of innovative works that make use of EDA techniques to solve challenging bioinformatics problems, emphasizing the EDA paradigm's potential for further research in this domain.

Performance of Scheduling Policies in Adversarial Networks with Non-synchronized Clocks

In this paper we generalize the Continuous Adversarial Queuing Theory (CAQT) model (Blesa et al. in MFCS, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3618, pp. 144–155, 2005) by considering the possibility that the router clocks in the network are not synchronized. We name the new model Non Synchronized CAQT (NSCAQT). Clearly, this new extension to the model only affects those scheduling policies that use some form of timing. In a first approach we consider the case in which although not synchronized, all clocks run at the same speed, maintaining constant differences. In this case we show that all universally stable policies in CAQT that use the injection time and the remaining path to schedule packets remain universally stable. These policies include, for instance, Shortest in System (SIS) and Longest in System (LIS). Then, we study the case in which clock differences can vary over time, but the maximum difference is bounded. In this model we show the universal stability of two families of policies related to SIS and LIS respectively (the priority of a packet in these policies depends on the arrival time and a function of the path traversed). The bounds we obtain in this case depend on the maximum difference between clocks. This is a necessary requirement, since we also show that LIS is not universally stable in systems without bounded clock difference. We then present a new policy that we call Longest in Queues (LIQ), which gives priority to the packet that has been waiting the longest in edge queues. This policy is universally stable and, if clocks maintain constant differences, the bounds we prove do not depend on them. To finish, we provide with simulation results that compare the behavior of some of these policies in a network with stochastic injection of packets.

Proyecto de repoblación del Monte nº 69 de los propios de Lorca

El monte en estudio está situado en e l término municipal de Lorca en su parte- No en las diputaciones denominadas Zarcilla de Raraos, Culebrina y Fontanares, formando una importante estribación de las sierras de Velez y Maria que se introduce en esta provincia en dirección casi NE formando una abrupta cordillera perteneciente geológicamente al triásico y caracterizada por la existencia de calizas cavernosas prensadas que originan los terrenos conocidos con el nombre de calares en el país de suelo pobre y de escasa profundidad, generalmente de superficie muy pedregosa y en los que aflora la roca en multitud de ocasiones.

Estructura: tamaño, forma y proporción:los estudios teóricos y empíricos sobre peso propio a lo largo de la historia : esclarecimiento de las variantes del problema : hacia una revisión de las herramientas y elementos del diseño de estructuras

Se presentan los estudios teóricos y empíricos sobre el peso propio de las estructuras realizados a lo largo de la Historia, en cuatro etapas: de la antigüedad de Galileo, de Galileo a la segunda mitad del S.XIX, hasta la actualidad. Se rehusan las reglas empíricas en diseño de puentes, cubiertas, edificios en altura; Tras la revisión de los estudios teóricos precedentes, con el auxilio del análisis dimensional y análisis clásicos derivados de los escritos de Maxwell, se esclarecen las variables que rigen el problema y sus relaciones; alcance del material, forma (esquema, condiciones de contorno, proporción), grueso o dimensionado, tamaño y acciones (leyes y magnitud). Se demuestran varios teoremas sobre mínimos en consumo de estructuras, y se analizan de forma general tipos de problemas estructurales de comportamiento proporcional y no proporcional.