A prototype from the Solar Decathlon Competition becomes an educational building in sustanaible architecture

In 2008, the City Council of Rivas-Vaciamadrid (Spain) decided to promote the construction of “Rivasecopolis”, a complex of sustainable buildings in which a new prototype of a zero-energy house would become the office of the Energy Agency. According to the initiative of the City Council, it was decided to recreate the dwelling prototype “Magic-box” which entered the 2005 Solar Decathlon Competition. The original project has been adapted to a new necessities programme, by adding the necessary spaces that allows it to work as an office. A team from university has designed and carried out the direction of the construction site. The new Solar House is conceived as a “testing building”. It is going to become the space for attending citizens in all questions about saving energy, energy efficiency and sustainable construction, having a permanent small exhibition space additional to the working places for the information purpose. At the same time, the building includes the use of experimental passive architecture systems and a monitoring and control system. Collected data will be sent to University to allow developing research work about the experimental strategies included in the building. This paper will describe and analyze the experience of transforming a prototype into a real durable building and the benefits for both university and citizens in learning about sustainability with the building

Modelización numérica del comportamiento mecánico de un fieltro de polipropileno

En el presente trabajo se presenta un modelo del continuo para un fieltro denso. Igualando la densidad de potencia de un elemento del continuo a la densidad de potencia mecánica que actúa sobre el conjunto de las fibras se obtiene una expresión del tensor de tensiones en la configuración de referencia. El modelo se completa mediante la inclusión de un modelo de daño para modelar fenomenológicamente los mecanismos de extracción (pull-out) y rotura de las fibras. Se ha implementado el modelo como una subrutina de material de usuario para un código de elementos finitos (ABAQUSExplicit), formulado en grandes deformaciones. Los resultados obtenidos se han comparado con experimentos realizados sobre un fieltro comercial (geotextil) de fibras de polipropileno y muestran que el modelo es capaz de reproducir el comportamiento del material hasta la localización del daño y pérdida de capacidad portante del mismo.

Asymmetric propagation of airblast from bench blasting

This paper investigates the propagation of airblast from quarry blasting. Peak overpressure is calculated as a function of blasting parameters (explosive mass per delay and velocity at which the detonation sequence proceeds along the bench) and polar coordinates of the point of interest (distance to the blast and azimuth with respect to the free face of the blast). The model is in the form of the product of a classical scaled distance attenuation law times a directional correction factor. The latter considers the influence of the bench face, and attenuates overpressure at the top level and amplifies it at the bottom. Such factor also accounts for the effect of the delay by amplifying the pressure in the direction of the initiation sequence if the velocity of initiation exceeds half the speed of sound and up to an initiation velocity in the range of the speed of sound. The model has been fitted to an empirical data set composed by 134 airblast records monitored in 47 blasts at two quarries. The measurements were made at distances to the blast less than 450 m. The model is statistically significant and has a determination coefficient of 0.869

On loader productivity, rock strength and explosive energy in metal mining

Twenty production blasts in two open pit mines were monitored, in rocks with medium to very high strength. Three different blasting agents (ANFO, watergel and emulsion blend) were used, with powder factors ranging between 0.88 and 1.45 kg/m3. Excavators were front loaders and rope shovels. Mechanical properties of the rock, blasting characteristics and mucking rates were carefully measured. A model for the calculation of the productivity of excavators is developed thereof, in which the production rate results as a product of an ideal, maximum, productivity rate times an operating efficiency. The maximum rate is a function of the dipper capacity and the efficiency is a function of rock density, strength, and explosive energy concentration in the rock. The model is statistically significant and explains up to 92 % of the variance of the production rate measurements.

Estudio del efecto del óxido en el comportamiento en rotura de la vaina de barra combustible

La capa exterior de óxido en la vaina de combustible nuclear es un factor clave en el estudio de su comportamiento en rotura. En esta ponencia se utiliza el ensayo de compresión diametral (RCT) para estudiar el comportamiento en rotura de vainas oxidadas. Para ello se prepararon muestras con una capa exterior de óxido de circonio de 85 µm de espesor y se sometieron a RCT a 20 y 135 ºC. El ensayo de compresión diametral ha demostrado ser muy sensible a la presencia de óxido en el exterior de la vaina para ambas temperaturas

Safety-related issues for high-speed railway bridges

Railway bridges have specific requirements related to safety, which often are critical aspects of design. In this paper the main phenomena are reviewed, namely vertical dynamic effects for impact effect of moving loads and resonance in high-speed, service limit states which affect the safety of running traffic, and lateral dynamic effects.

Concrete Swelling in Two Spanish Dams

Several chemical reactions are able to produce swelling of concrete for decades after its initial curing, a problem that affects a considerable number of concrete dams around the world. Principia has had several contracts to study this problem in recent years, which have required reviewing the state-ofthe-art, adopting appropriate mathematical descriptions, programming them into user routines in Abaqus, determining model parameters on the basis of some parts of the dams’ monitored histories, ensuring reliability using some other parts, and finally predicting the future evolution of the dams and their safety margins. The paper describes some of the above experience, including the programming of sophisticated nonisotropic swelling models, that must be compatible with cracking and other nonlinearities involved in concrete behaviour. The applications concentrate on two specific cases, an arch-gravity dam and a double-curvature arch dam, both with a long history of concrete swelling and which, interestingly, entailed different degrees of success in the modelling efforts.

Effect of Concrete Swelling on the Equilibrium and Displacements of an Arch Dam

The Kariba dam is undergoing concrete expansion as a result of an alkali-aggregate reaction. The model adopted to simulate the process is explained in the paper; it is based on the model first proposed by Ulm et al, as later modified by Saouma and Perotti. It has been implemented in the commercial finite element code Abaqus and applied to solve the benchmark problem. The parameters of the model were calibrated using the data recorded up to 1995. The calibrated model was then used for predicting the evolution of the dam up to the present date. Apart from this prediction the paper offers a number of conclusions, such as the fact that the stress level appears to have a major influence on the expansion process; and it presents some suggestions to improve the formulation of the benchmark, such as providing temperature data and widening the locations and conditions of the data employed in the calibration

Nuevas Investigaciones en la Dinámica de puentes de ferrocarril de alta velocidad

1. Moticacion Nuevos puentes 2. Efectos Dinámicos (¿Puentes Seguros?) 3. Requisitos de Servicio (¿Traco Seguro?) 4. Modelos y Normas (¿Cómo saberlo?) Modelos de Cálculo Normas Técnicas 5. Observaciones finales

Acciones dinámicas debidas al tráfico ferroviario en viaductos de alta velocidad

1. Motivacion 2. Respuesta dinámica y modelos de cálculo Cargas de Tráfico Comprobaciones y modelos 3. Normatica reciente Trenes reales, HSLM y trenes tipo Eurocódigos EN1991-2, EN1990/A1 Interoperabilidad en la Red TransEuropea: ETI-INF Instrucción Española IAPF-2007 y Anejos Naconales 4. Investigación sobre dinámica de estructuras Dinámica transversal de vehículos ferroviarios sobre viaductos 5. Comentarios finales

Participación de las Escuelas de Arquitectura en el Plan Nacional de I+D+I

La Red INVEA es la Red de subdirecciones de investigación de las escuelas de arquitectura, formalización de las reuniones que han venido manteniendo en los 2 últimos años los subdirectores de investigación, directores de escuelas o delegados de estos para reflexionar y debatir en torno a la investigación en arquitectura • El objetivo de la red INVEA es impulsar acciones de fomento, gestión y difusión de la producción científica en el ámbito de la arquitectura realizada en las escuelas de arquitectura públicas y privadas españolas, tanto como consecuencia de proyectos de investigación competitivos, como por actividades de apoyo científico-técnico al sector como, en fin, por la propia actividad profesional de los docentes • La red se organiza mediante una Junta General, que se reúne una vez al año, y una Comisión Permanente, con reuniones semestrales.

Researching in ancient engineering physical and chemical analysis in hidraulic roman mortars

Around ten years ago investigation of technical and material construction in Ancient Roma has advanced in favour to obtain positive results. This process has been directed to obtaining some dates based in chemical composition, also action and reaction of materials against meteorological assaults or post depositional displacements. Plenty of these dates should be interpreted as a result of deterioration and damage in concrete material made in one landscape with some kind of meteorological characteristics. Concrete mixture like calcium and gypsum mortars should be analysed in laboratory test programs, and not only with descriptions based in reference books of Strabo, Pliny the Elder or Vitruvius. Roman manufacture was determined by weather condition, landscape, natural resources and of course, economic situation of the owner. In any case we must research the work in every facts of construction. On the one hand, thanks to chemical techniques like X-ray diffraction and Optical microscopy, we could know the granular disposition of mixture. On the other hand if we develop physical and mechanical techniques like compressive strength, capillary absorption on contact or water behaviour, we could know the reactions in binder and aggregates against weather effects. However we must be capable of interpret these results. Last year many analyses developed in archaeological sites in Spain has contributed to obtain different point of view, so has provide new dates to manage one method to continue the investigation of roman mortars. If we developed chemical and physical analysis in roman mortars at the same time, and we are capable to interpret the construction and the resources used, we achieve to understand the process of construction, the date and also the way of restoration in future.

Proposal of an Alternative Model for Speed-Flow Relationship in Two-Lane Highways

A research has been carried out in two-lanehighways in the Madrid Region to propose an alternativemodel for the speed-flowrelationship using regular loop data. The model is different in shape and, in some cases, slopes with respect to the contents of Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). A model is proposed for a mountainous area road, something for which the HCM does not provide explicitly a solution. The problem of a mountain road with high flows to access a popular recreational area is discussed, and some solutions are proposed. Up to 7 one-way sections of two-lanehighways have been selected, aiming at covering a significant number of different characteristics, to verify the proposed method the different classes of highways on which the Manual classifies them. In order to enunciate the model and to verify the basic variables of these types of roads a high number of data have been used. The counts were collected in the same way that the Madrid Region Highway Agency performs their counts. A total of 1.471 hours have been collected, in periods of 5 minutes. The models have been verified by means of specific statistical test (R2, T-Student, Durbin-Watson, ANOVA, etc.) and with the diagnostics of the contrast of assumptions (normality, linearity, homoscedasticity and independence). The model proposed for this type of highways with base conditions, can explain the different behaviors as traffic volumes increase, and follows a polynomial multiple regression model of order 3, S shaped. As secondary results of this research, the levels of service and the capacities of this road have been measured with the 2000 HCM methodology, and the results discussed. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Some past decision theory models for euro construction model codes and for road drainage in Spain, and modest hints with multi-criteria methods for agro and environmental assurance

The authors are from UPM and are relatively grouped, and all have intervened in different academic or real cases on the subject, at different times as being of different age. With precedent from E. Torroja and A. Páez in Madrid Spain Safety Probabilistic models for concrete about 1957, now in ICOSSAR conferences, author J.M. Antón involved since autumn 1967 for euro-steel construction in CECM produced a math model for independent load superposition reductions, and using it a load coefficient pattern for codes in Rome Feb. 1969, practically adopted for European constructions, giving in JCSS Lisbon Feb. 1974 suggestion of union for concrete-steel-al.. That model uses model for loads like Gumbel type I, for 50 years for one type of load, reduced to 1 year to be added to other independent loads, the sum set in Gumbel theories to 50 years return period, there are parallel models. A complete reliability system was produced, including non linear effects as from buckling, phenomena considered somehow in actual Construction Eurocodes produced from Model Codes. The system was considered by author in CEB in presence of Hydraulic effects from rivers, floods, sea, in reference with actual practice. When redacting a Road Drainage Norm in MOPU Spain an optimization model was realized by authors giving a way to determine the figure of Return Period, 10 to 50 years, for the cases of hydraulic flows to be considered in road drainage. Satisfactory examples were a stream in SE of Spain with Gumbel Type I model and a paper of Ven Te Chow with Mississippi in Keokuk using Gumbel type II, and the model can be modernized with more varied extreme laws. In fact in the MOPU drainage norm the redacting commission acted also as expert to set a table of return periods for elements of road drainage, in fact as a multi-criteria complex decision system. These precedent ideas were used e.g. in wide Codes, indicated in symposia or meetings, but not published in journals in English, and a condensate of contributions of authors is presented. The authors are somehow involved in optimization for hydraulic and agro planning, and give modest hints of intended applications in presence of agro and environment planning as a selection of the criteria and utility functions involved in bayesian, multi-criteria or mixed decision systems. Modest consideration is made of changing in climate, and on the production and commercial systems, and on others as social and financial.

Sistema de alarma de congelación en tuberías de agua

En este trabajo se presenta un novedoso sensor capaz de detectar la congelación del agua en las conducciones, con capacidad de generar alarmas y enviar estas a centralitas de sistemas domóticos. Esto podría permitir solventar un problema común en las tuberías de agua: las congelaciones del fluido en invierno. Como consecuencia de esta evitación, se mejoraría tanto la calidad del suministro, evitando los cortes de suministro, como los costes de mantenimiento, al evitar el deterioro o la rotura de los conductos. Al congelarse el agua, aumenta su volumen a un 120%, incrementando a su vez la presión interna en los conductos, lo que en muchos casos desemboca en destrucción parcial o total de la instalación. El sensor desarrollado, así como el sistema de protección futuro, están enfocados principalmente para edificación. Pero, al tratar un problema tan generalizado y ofrecer importante información de un modo simple y eficaz, también tiene aplicación en procesos industriales, así como en los productos y maquinaría industrial.